The Turning Point: 1863 Contraband: The Emancipation Proclamation: Escaped slaves that crossed over into the Union Worked at camps and fought in the war Slavery ended in DC and territories in 1862 The Emancipation Proclamation: Issued on Sept 22, 1862, would take effect on Jan 1, 1863 Freed all slaves in areas of rebellion in the Confederacy Slavery not touched in areas in control by North – border states especially Helped keep Europe out of the war Changed the aim of the war effort

1863 Vicksburg : Lee’s Advance and Defeat: Battle for total control of the Mississippi River: Vicksburg, MS surrendered to Grant (July 4, 1863) Many escaped slaves were re-enslaved or killed by the South Lee’s Advance and Defeat: Gettysburg, PA – 3 day battle (July 1-3, 1863) North won, but suffered heavy losses South’s last advance into the North

Gettysburg Day 2 Day 3

The Union Victories, 1864 – 1865 The Impact of Black Troops: 200,000 black troops were recruited in the North by 1865 54th Massachusetts Infantry – all black unit (the movie “Glory” is based on their story) Black soldiers were paid less than whites - still not considered equal to whites. 200 black soldiers were massacred at Fort Pillow after surrendering to Confederate troops In 1864, Grant became head of Union army in 1864 He put William T. Sherman in charge of the Union army in Tennessee

The Election of 1864 The National Union Party The Democrats Andrew Johnson (D from TN) named as Lincoln’s running mate – it was hoped that he would attract voters from the border states The Democrats General George McClellan ran for the Democrats Some Democrats (known as Copperheads) called for peace with the South - wanted the war to end. Lincoln won 55% of the popular vote & Electoral majority

1864 Election Results

Sherman’s March In late 1864, after burning Atlanta, General Sherman unleashed his men on a March to the Sea – 300 mile march from Atlanta to Savannah Sherman’s men destroyed everything in a 60 mile wide swath across Georgia Sherman set some land aside for freed slaves in GA – Special Field Order No. 15

The end of the Confederacy The Confederate Collapse: Southerners resisted the draft Blacks were used by the South, but too late in the war effort April 9, 1865 – Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House Over 600,000 soldiers (North and South) died in the war