Chapter 2- Cells study guide

1. Ribosomes are the organelle that produces proteins. 2 1. Ribosomes are the organelle that produces proteins. 2. What is the function of the golgi apparatus? Prepares proteins for their specific jobs & packages them into vesicles 3. What is the function of the cell membrane? Protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside of the cell 4. What does the nucleolus do in a cell? Makes ribosomes

5. Cellular respiration converts the energy in food molecules into ATP. 6. The rough endoplasmic reticulum provides a place to make proteins. 7. What two groups can cells be grouped into? Prokaryotic and eukaryotic 8. Cells are made of different structures that work together to keep cells alive. 9. Active transport- movement through a cell’s membrane that requires energy.

10. Diffusion- movement of substances from higher to lower concentration 11. List the organelles that a plant cell has and an animal cell does not have. Cell wall, chloroplast 12. Endocytosis- process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane 13. What is the function of a lysosome? Helps break down and recycle cellular components

14. Exocytosis- the process during which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell 15. Facilitated Diffusion- occurs with the help of transport proteins 16. A cell membrane is semipermeable, which means that it allows only certain substances to enter or leave a cell. 17. What is the function of the cell membrane? Protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside of the cell

18. Osmosis- diffusion of water molecules 19 18. Osmosis- diffusion of water molecules 19. Passive Transport- movement through a cell’s membrane without using the cell’s energy 20. What is the function of chloroplast? Uses energy from sunlight and makes glucose 21. What is an organelle? Membrane surrounded component of a cell that has specialized functions 22. Cell Theory- states that all living things are made of one or more cells, cells are the smallest unit of life, and all new cells are made from preexisting cells

23. Who came up with the cell theory? Schwann, Virchow, Schleiden 24. Mitochondria produces most of the cells energy. 25. Macromolecule- a substance that forms by joining many small molecules together 26. What is the cytoskeleton made of? Series of fibers made from proteins

27. Fermentation-reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low 28. Where does fermentation take place? Cell’s cytoplasm 29. Photosynthesis- series of chemical reactions that convert light energy and carbon dioxide into the food energy molecule glucose

30. How was the discovery of cells possible? microscope 31. Which organelle does photosynthesis occur in? chloroplasts 32. Cellular Respiration- series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP 33. What are the two main functions of membrane? 1. boundaries between cells and between organelles and 2. controls movement in and out of cells 34. What is ATP? Fuel for cellular processes such as growth, cell division, and material transport