Comparison of distal gut metabolite profiles between Egyptian and U. S

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Comparison of distal gut metabolite profiles between Egyptian and U. S Comparison of distal gut metabolite profiles between Egyptian and U.S. groups. Comparison of distal gut metabolite profiles between Egyptian and U.S. groups. (A) Overall distribution of metabolite categories among egkHLT and uskHLT samples shown on a stacked-column graph. The relative abundances of individual measured metabolites are represented as violin plots. Where shown, single asterisks (*) and double asterisks (**) indicate statistical significance of taxon abundance differences between two groups (pu < 0.05 and pu < 0.01, respectively) based on the FDR-adjusted Mann-Whitney U test. LDRMs, lipid degradation-related metabolites. (B) Statistically significant SparCC-based correlations among individual metabolites and metabolite groups. The associations between metabolite categories represent the median of pairwise correlations among individual metabolites from different categories. (C and D) Sample distribution in ordination space based on the centered log-ratio transformed metabolite relative abundances from principal-component analysis (C) and random forest discriminant analysis (D). P values indicate statistical significance of separation of sample groups based on the Davies-Bouldin index. Group clouds represent three standard errors around the group centroids (diamond). MDS, multidimensional scaling. (E) Coinertia analysis showing congruency of sample dispersal in ordination space based on metabolite and genus abundance profiles. The distance between the positions of each sample on two ordination plots is indicated by a connecting line. Shorter lines represent similar sample positions in the plots. Statistical significance and the relative fit of the ordinations were assessed by P value and RV coefficient, respectively. V. Shankar et al. mSystems 2017; doi:10.1128/mSystems.00169-16