AIM: Where are agricultural regions in less developed countries? Do Now: Watch short video. 1. Why haven’t the cocoa farmers ever tasted chocolate?2. 2. What did they think cocoa was used for?

Vegetative Cultivation Crops Apple, Avocado, Canna, Cannabis, Citrus, Date, Fig, Grapes, Manioc (cassava), Nut crops, Pineapple, Pear, Poplar, Potato, Strawberry, Sugar cane, Tea, Vanilla, Willow

Which type of climate region is shifting cultivation most often found?

Humid and low latitude climate zones

The cleared areas are called swidden. One weakness of Slash and Burn Agriculture is that the fires destroy the humus (degraded organic material in soil, which causes some soil layers to be dark brown or black) As a result the soil is exhausted in a short period of time.

Most practitioners of shifting cultivation use hoes and dibble sticks as their primary tools.

Major Crops Southeast Asia – upland rice South America – corn, cassava Africa – millet and sorghum Others; Yams, sugarcane, plantain, vegetables

Factoids Subsistence farming dominates shifting cultivation. A grand total of 5% of the world’s population partakes in shifting agriculture but it takes up 25% of the world’s land area. It dominates parts of Africa and South America as well as Indonesia and parts of Southeast Asia It’s inefficient and being replaced by logging, cattle ranching and cultivation of cash crops.

Pastoral Nomadism What is it? Where is it found? is a form of agriculture where livestock are herded in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze following an irregular pattern of movement. Where is it found? It is found in areas of low rainfall such as the Arabian Peninsula inhabited by Bedouins and Northeast Africa inhabited by Somalis. -Mongolia -Nordic Sami people -Nepalese -Parts of Northern Africa

What do pastoral nomads eat?

Pastoral Nomads Eat mostly grain that they gain through trading animal products with sedentary farmers. Some members of the group might farm small gardens Use animals for milk, clothing, and shelter

How do farmers pick the animals they raise? Camel 10-25 needed to support one family Horse Sheep 25-60 needed to support one family Goats 25-60 needed to support one family

Pastoral Nomads do not wander aimlessly. They practice Transhumance or seasonal migration.

Pastoral Nomadism Is it rising or falling in popularity? Why?

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Unlike Pastoral Nomadism and Shifting Agriculture, Intensive Subsistence Agriculture is common in areas with a high population density. Practiced in East, South and Southeast Asia Most work by hand or with animals rather than machines. Farmers must pull as much from the land as possible

Crops for Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Wet Rice – grown Sawahs what we call paddies In drier areas, crop rotation is practiced

Plantations Large farms that specialize in one or two crops. While mostly located in LDCs, mostly owned or operated by Europeans and North Americans Usually import workers

Which form of agriculture is most exploitive to people in LDCs?