The Restoration Colonies Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY & Modified by Mrs. Christy WYHS Whitehall, OH

British economic moves Navigation Acts Unified Kingdom West Indian sugar African slaves

King Charles II Proprietorship- land given to an aristocrat by the Crown Goal was manorial system (feudalism) Carolinas Pennsylvania New Jersey New York

New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!] Renamed “New York” England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies. England now controlled the Atlantic coast! 1664  English soldiers arrived. Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses. Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot.

Pennsylvania

The Quakers Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices. Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians. Quakers went among the Indians unarmed. BUT…….. non-Quaker Europeans flooded PA Treated native peoples poorly. This undermined the actions of the Quakers! They offended religious & secular leaders in England. Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England. They met without paid clergy Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference. Keep hats on. Addressed them as commoners  ”thees”/“thous.” Wouldn’t take oaths. Pacifists.

William Penn Aristocratic Englishman. Embraced Quakerism after military service. 1681  he received a grant from king to establish a colony. This settled a debt the king owed his father. Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”]. 1660 – attracted to the Quaker faith. He sent out paid agents and advertised for settlers  his pamphlets were pretty honest. Liberal land policy attracted many immigrants.

Royal Land Grant to Penn Representative assembly elected by landowners. No tax-supported church. Freedom of worship guaranteed to all. Forced to deny right to vote & hold office to Catholics & Jews by English govt. Death penalty only for treason & murder. Compared to 200 capital crimes in England!

Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

Pennsylvanian Society Attracted many different people Religious misfits from other colonies. Many different ethnic groups. No provision for military defense. No restrictions on immigration. No slavery!! “Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws]  against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc. sumptuary laws are laws that attempt to regulate habits of consumption. A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

Philadelphia & Boston Compared

Urban Population Growth 1650 - 1775

The Carolinas

The West Indies  Way Station to Mainland America 1670  a group of small English farmers from the West Indies arrived in Carolina. Names for King Charles II. The King granted Carolina to 8 supporters [Lord Proprietors]. Were squeezed out by sugar barons. Brought a few black slaves and a model of the Barbados slave code with them. Proprietors-They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe. Carolina developed close economic ties to the West Indies. Many Carolinian settlers were originally from the West Indies. They used local Savannah Indians to enslave other Indians [about 10,000] and send them to the West Indies [and some to New England]. 1707  Savannah Indians decided to migrate to PA. PA promised better relations with whites. Carolinians decided to “thin” the Savannahs before they could leave  bloody raids killed most of them by 1710.

Back to England… Mercantilism Theory- colonies produce agricultural good & raw materials then English merchants would carry them to England Some good would be traded Others would be manufactured then exported Good from America had to pass through England England had 3 commercial war &ticked of Mass. James III combined many of the colonies

James II “Divine right of Kings” Navigation Acts Dominion of New England Mass. Bay, CT, RI, & Plymouth Glorious Revolution- William & Mary James was openly Roman Catholic and had a son (heir) Whigs led a bloodless coup & Mary & William of Orange (Protestant), signed the Declarations of Rights which established a constitutional monarchy To justify their coup- John Locke wrote the Two Treatises on Government (1690), rejected divine right theory, consent of the governed, unalienable natural rights to life, liberty, & property Another period of lax administration from the Crown.

Northern Maritime Economy New England & West Indies NE would ship wheat, corn, bread Bills of exchange Credit from England used to buy slaves from Africa & pay for North American goods

Effects More transatlantic trade More British & German migrants Growing cities Growing upper class Growing large working class More factories to refine raw sugar & turn molasses into rum 500 transatlantic voyages in 1680s to 1500 in 1730s

Salutary Neglect King George I & II Loophole in the new Navigation Act Helped the French West Indies produce low-cost sugar & outsell Britain in Europe Led to the Molasses Act 1733 currency issues Currency Act 1751 After the Glorious Revolution, English colonies followed suit by limiting royal powers ~ ignored the King’s instructions to provide a royal governor with a permenant salaries or pay them at all ~ took control of taxation & local appointments ~ social elite in charge, would intermarry, but still had listen to the mobs ~ Sir Robert Walpole, War of the Austrian Succession, The War of Jenkins’s Ear)aa