Pathogenic structural heart changes in early tricuspid regurgitation Naohiko Nemoto, MD, John R. Lesser, MD, Wesley R. Pedersen, MD, Paul Sorajja, MD, Erin Spinner, PhD, Ross F. Garberich, MS, David M. Vock, PhD, Robert S. Schwartz, MD  The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  Volume 150, Issue 2, Pages 323-330 (August 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.009 Copyright © 2015 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Patient groups and characteristics. Patient distribution and groups according to echocardiographically defined TR (none/trace, mild, and moderate/severe). TR, Tricuspid regurgitation; 3DCT, 3-demensional computed tomography. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2015 150, 323-330DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.009) Copyright © 2015 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Method of TAA measurement. TAA was measured in a plane defined by the tricuspid leaflets' most basal attachments. Measurements of area, major and minor diameters, are shown. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2015 150, 323-330DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.009) Copyright © 2015 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Graphic methods for image assessment. The long axis was measured from the 4-chamber view (A) and orthogonal to this of 4-chamber view (B). RA and RV areas were measured by manual tracing from these views. RA and RV volume were calculated using Simpson's method. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2015 150, 323-330DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.009) Copyright © 2015 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Four panel graphs showing linear correlations among RA/RV volumes and TAA. A, RA volume is highly correlated with TAA. B, RV volume and TAA are correlated, but less well than RA volume. C, RA and RV volume correlation are shown. A significant but relatively low correlation was found. D, LA volume and RA volume are correlated, better than RA and RV volume. LA, Left atrial; RA, right atrial; RV, right ventricular; TAA, tricuspid annulus area; TR, tricuspid regurgitation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2015 150, 323-330DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.009) Copyright © 2015 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Method of TAA measurement Method of TAA measurement. TAA was measured in a plane defined by the tricuspid leaflets' most basal attachments. Measurements of area and major and minor diameters are shown. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2015 150, 323-330DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.009) Copyright © 2015 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions