HAMILTON – JEFFERSON - WEBSTER APPORTIONMENT SECTION 2.3 AND SECTION 2.4

( this describes how many people it takes to earn a “seat/object” ) STEP #1: CALCULATE THE IDEAL RATIO ( this describes how many people it takes to earn a “seat/object” )

Partner on the LEFT describe how to find the IDEAL RATIO

IDEAL RATIO

( this describes how many “SEATS/OBJECTS” each class earns) STEP #2: CALCULATE THE QUOTA ( this describes how many “SEATS/OBJECTS” each class earns)

Partner on the RIGHT describe how to find the QUOTA

QUOTA

STEP #3: INITIAL APPORTIONMENT CALCULATE THE ( this describes how many “SEATS/OBJECTS” each class earns INITIALLY)

EACH METHOD FINDS THE INITIAL APPORTIONMENT IN A DIFFERENT FASHION:

HAMILTON TRUNCATES THE QUOTA TO FIND THE INITIAL APPORTIONMENT “CUT THE HAM”

JEFFERSON ALSO TRUNCATES THE QUOTA TO FIND THE INITIAL APPORTIONMENT!!!!

WEBSTER ROUNDS THE QUOTA TO FIND THE INITIAL APPORTIONMENT!!!!

( this describes how many “SEATS/OBJECTS” each class earns BY THE END) STEP #4: CALCULATE THE FINAL APPORTIONMENT ( this describes how many “SEATS/OBJECTS” each class earns BY THE END)

AWARDS THE EXTRA “SEAT/OBJECT” TO THE LARGEST TRUNCATED DECIMAL HAMILTON AWARDS THE EXTRA “SEAT/OBJECT” TO THE LARGEST TRUNCATED DECIMAL

JEFFERSON AWARDS THE EXTRA “SEAT/OBJECT” BY CALCULATING AN ADJUSTED RATIO KNOWN AS THE J.A.R. :

WEBSTER AWARDS THE EXTRA “SEAT/OBJECT” BY CALCULATING AN ADJUSTED RATIO KNOWN AS THE W.A.R. :

JEFFERSON AND WEBSTER’S METHODS ARE KNOWN AS DIVISOR METHODS

DIVISOR METHOD The term divisor is used because these methods determine quotas by dividing the population by an adjusted ratio. The Hamilton method is NOT a divisor method!!!! TURN TO YOUR PARTNER AND TELL THEM WHY HAMILTON’S METHOD IS NOT CONSIDERED A DIVISOR METHOD.

Notice what can happen with the WEBSTER method: Since we are ROUNDING the quota and NOT TRUNCATIONG IT , we may give away too many seats in the beginning and have to “take away” a seat. That is why the formula has a +/- Use the + 0.5 if you need to ADD a seat Use the – 0.5 if you need to TAKE AWAY a seat

HOW DOES THIS ADUSTED RATION THING WORK??!!

JEFFERSON KNEW HAMILTONS METHOD WAS NO GOOD! WHY???

AN IN THE TOTAL # OF SEATS CAUSES A STATE TO LOSE A SEAT!

SO JEFFERSON USED THIS THEORY:

DO YOU AGREE???? If we decrease the denominator in a fraction the quotient will increase…

Let’s turn to your packet now on page 10 and try the Jefferson Method

WEBSTER METHOD

WEBSTER METHOD

LET’S TRY ANOTHER ONE!

The Jefferson method was disliked by small states because it favors large ones.

Another Paradox!!

Yet Another paradox!!!!

Tonight’s Homework Page #78 : #6,7,8 Page #85: # 1, 2