A Tale of Two Isotopes: δ18O and δ13C.

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Presentation transcript:

A Tale of Two Isotopes: δ18O and δ13C

δ18O in benthic foram tests: temperature effect: δ18O decreases by 1‰ for every 4.2oC increase in T ice volume effect: δ18O in the deep ocean increases as ice sheets grow δ13C in benthic foram tests: nutrient effect: δ13C decreases as nutrient concentration increases deep water formation effect: δ13C in the deep ocean increases as NADW formation decreases

Major features of climate record over last 5 Ma gradual cooling over past ~3 Ma, with onset of NH glaciations switch from 41 ky cycle to 100 ky extreme amplitude glacial/interglacial transition ODP Site 849 – eastern eq. Pac., 3839 m depth

Northeast Atlantic, 2179 m depth