Cardiovascular System Ch. 37 & 38-3

Cardiovascular System FUNCTION: Distributes O2 & nutrients to cells in body

Blood Components 1. Plasma – liquid portion of blood (90% H2O) 2. Red blood cells – carry O2 from lungs to body cells contains hemoglobin (transports O2) made in bone marrow

3. White blood cells (lymphocytes) – defends body against disease made in bone marrow 4. Platelets – cell fragments that help blood clot

Blood Vessels 1. ARTERY – large, thick vessel carry OXYGENATED blood AWAY from heart 2. VEIN – large, thick vessel carry DEOXYGENATED blood TO heart

3. CAPILLARY – tiny, thin vessels (one cell thick) gases & nutrients from cells diffuse through vessel walls into blood

Blood Types A: A antigens; receive type A, O blood B: B antigens; receive type B, O blood AB: A & B antigens; receive type A, B, AB, O blood O: no antigens; receive type O blood

Rh Factors “+” is dominant to “-” Rh+ = receive Rh+ or Rh- Rh- = receive Rh- only

Pathway of Blood Oxygenated blood enters… 1. Pulmonary vein (“Pulmonary” = LUNG) into… 2. Left atrium 3. Left ventricle 4. Aorta – blood goes out to BODY (gets deoxygenated)

Deoxygenated blood returns to heart through… 5)Superior vena cava (upper body) …or through… 6) Inferior vena cava (lower body) 7. Right atrium 8. Right ventricle

9. Pulmonary artery - blood sent to LUNGS (to get oxygenated) (CO2 exchanged for O2) Oxygenated blood enters pulmonary vein

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Respiratory System: 37-3 FUNCTION: Exchange gases (CO2 & O2) to & from circ. sys.

How do we breathe? INHALE – rib muscles & diaphragm CONTRACTS (rib cage up / diaphragm down) EXHALE – rib muscles & diaphragm RELAX (rib cage down / diaphragm up)

Inhalation & Exhalation Air inhaled Diaphragm Rib cage rises Air exhaled Rib cage lowers Inhalation Exhalation

Pathway of Air 1. NOSE & MOUTH Cilia & mucus trap foreign material 2. PHARYNX – area common to food & air Q: How does the body separate the two?

EPIGLOTTIS – small flap preventing food from entering lungs 3. LARYNX – voice box 4. TRACHEA – tube connecting pharynx to lungs

5. BRONCHUS (pl. bronchi) – branching of trachea into each lung 6. BRONCHIOLES – smaller branches of bronchi throughout lungs

7. ALVEOLI – sacs/clusters of capillaries (at end of bronchioles) CO2 & O2 exchanged by diffusion

Excretory System: 38-3 FUNCTION: 1. Removes wastes 2. Maintains homeostasis (regulates water & substances in blood)

Pathway of Excretory: 1. RENAL ARTERY – sends wastes & nutrients in blood TO KIDNEY [“renal” = kidney] 2. KIDNEY – filters blood to remove wastes

NEPHRON – filtering unit (inside kidney); collects waste to form urine Formation of Urine 1) Blood enters nephron in kidney (w/ wastes)

2) Ions, H2O, glucose & amino acids reabsorbed into blood Renal vein – sends “clean” blood back TO HEART 3) Excess H2O, ions & waste (urea) form urine

3. URETER – tube transporting urine 4. URINARY BLADDER – stores urine 5. URETHRA – tube passes urine to outside of body

Kidney (Cross Section) Cortex Medulla Vein Artery Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra