Language: Tips/rules Never use a metaphor (kiasan) or simile (perumpamaan). Phrases such as toe the line, stand shoulder to shoulder with It must be avoided. Common phrases have become so comfortable that they create no emotional response.

Language: Tips/rules Never use a long word where a short one will do. Long words don’t make you sound intelligent unless used skillfully. Inadvertently, making you sound pretentious and arrogant. = use simple language

Language: Tips/rules Example: “I found out that I should take a look at our past sales figures in order to come up with a plan to help us re-evaluate our sales technique” “I must take a look at our past sales figures to re-evaluate our sales technique”

Language: Tips/rules If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. Great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree. Dilute words power that don’t contribute meaning = Less is always better Example: “The expectant pregnant woman” “The pregnant woman” “2 p.m in the afternoon” “2 p.m” or “2 in the afternoon”

Try to help reader understand what you’re writing = Language: Tips/rules Never use a jargon word. Try to help reader understand what you’re writing = Simple is always better We don’t want the reader to bring a dictionary to decipher what we are trying to say. Example: “His gregarious nature credentials him as a superlative candidate for the job” “His friendliness makes him a top candidate for the job”

Language: Tips/rules Interesting throughout Vary the structure of your sentences. Example: dull - We own seven barns in that town. We also own forty-two horses there. We like to ride horses in that countryside. intriguing - Riding horses is enjoyable for us in that country town. We own seven barns and forty-two horses there.

Voice in chapters (active or passive). Language: Tips/rules Voice in chapters (active or passive). Verbs can be used in either in the passive voice (The biscuit was eaten by the dog OR The biscuit was eaten) or the active voice (The dog ate the biscuit). What does it matter? Well, using passive or active voice changes the emphasis of a piece of writing. For example: "The biscuit was eaten by the dog." This sentence is passive because the main focus of the sentence is on the biscuit, but the biscuit does not do anything - instead something is done to the biscuit (by the dog). In fact, we can even leave out the part about who performed the action: The biscuit was eaten. "The dog ate the biscuit." This is active because the main focus of our attention is on the dog, and the dog is the one who does something (it eats the biscuit).

Language: Tips/rules WHY USE PASSIVE VOICE? People reading your paper are going to be far less interested in you than in your work so the emphasis should be on what you did and not on you. Also, by not saying "I weighed the sample" but "The sample was weighed" you make your writing sound more objective.