Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 18 Vocabulary List 18 3rd Declension Adjectives Ablative of Accompaniment

Vocabulary List 18

acer, acris, acre fierce, sharp

celer, celeris, celere swift

brevis, breve short

facilis, facile easy

fortis, forte brave

gravis, grave heavy, severe, serious

omnis, omne all, every

similis, simile like, similar

audāx, audācis daring, bold

potēns, potentis powerful

Brittanus, Brittana, Brittanum British

Gallus, Galla, Gallum Gallic

Trōiānus, Trōiāna, Trōiānum Trojan

3rd Declension Adjectives

Declension of Adjectives just like nouns belong to a declension, so do adjectives we have seen 1st & 2nd decl. adj. already (2-1-2), e.g.: magnus, magna, magnum miser, misera, miserum pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum adj. can also belong to the 3rd declension

3rd Declension Adjectives there are THREE types of 3rd declension adjectives: 3 Termination, e.g.: celer, celeris, celere – swift 2 Termination, e.g.: omnis, omne – all, every 1 Termination, e.g.: audāx, audācis – bold, daring the number of terminations indicates the number of different nominative forms of the adj.

3rd Declension Adjectives: Forming to decline 3rd decl. adj., find the stem & add endings Finding the Stem: for 3 and 2 terminations, go to the nom. sg. fem. form and drop the ending (-is) for 1 termination, go to the gen. sg. form (2nd form) and drop the ending (-is) in short, drop the –is from the form that has it in the dictionary entry and you’ll have your stem

3rd Declension Adjectives: Forming to decline 3rd decl. adj., find the stem & add endings Adding the Endings: all 3rd decl. adj. take 3rd decl. i-stem endings all abl. sg. forms end in –ī, like neut. i-stems

3 Termination Adj. the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 3 terminations look like celer, celeris, celere: nom. sg. masc. ends in –er nom. sg. fem. ends in –is [find stem here!] nom. sg. neut. ends in –e e.g.: acer, acris, acre: fierce, sharp

Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 3 Terminations celer, celeris, celere MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Plural

Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 3 Terminations celer, celeris, celere MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. celer celeris celere Gen. Dat. celerī Acc. celerem Abl. Plural celerēs celeria celerium celeribus

2 Termination Adj. the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 2 terminations look like facilis, facile: nom. sg. masc. & nom. sg. fem. end in –is nom. sg. neut. ends in –e e.g.: brevis, breve: short fortis, forte: brave masc. & fem. forms are the same for 2 term. adj.

Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 2 Terminations facilis, facile MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Plural

Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 2 Terminations facilis, facile MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. facilis facile Gen. Dat. facilī Acc. facilem Abl. Plural facilēs facilia facilium facilibus

1 Termination Adj. the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 1 termination look like potēns, potentis: nom. sg. masc. & nom. sg. fem. & nom. sg. neut. are all the same (but there is no one set ending) 2nd form listed is the gen. sg. form (b/c you cannot find the stem from any nominative form) e.g.: audāx, audācis: bold, daring masc. & fem. forms are the same for 1 term. adj.

Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 1 Termination potēns, potentis MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Plural

Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 1 Termination potēns, potentis MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTER Singular Nom. potēns Gen. potentis Dat. potentī Acc. potentem Abl. Plural potentēs potentia potentium potentibus

Ablative of Accompaniment

Ablative of Accompaniment Latin expresses the idea of accompaniment with the preposition cum and a noun in the ablative case. this is generally a word denoting a person or group of people abl. of accompaniment = cum + abl. e.g. Puella cum matre ad urbem ambulat. Miser cum miserā in urbe est.

Cavēte! Ablatives w/ “with/cum” there are several uses of the abl. that are translated with “cum/with” – be careful not to confuse the abl. of means, manner, and accompaniment Mīlitēs oppidum cum sociīs oppugnāvērunt. Accompaniment: The soldiers attacked the town with the allies. Mīlitēs oppidum cum audāciā oppugnāvērunt. Manner: The soldiers attacked the town with boldness. Mīlitēs oppidum telīs oppugnāvērunt. Means: The soldiers attacked the town with weapons.