Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 372-385 (February 2018) Self-Standing Hierarchical P/CNTs@rGO with Unprecedented Capacity and Stability for Lithium and Sodium Storage  Jianbin Zhou, Zhuoheng Jiang, Shuwen Niu, Shanshan Zhu, Jie Zhou, Yongchun Zhu, Jianwen Liang, Dongdong Han, Kangli Xu, Linqin Zhu, Xiaojing Liu, Gongming Wang, Yitai Qian  Chem  Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 372-385 (February 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.006 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Chem 2018 4, 372-385DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.006) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The Synthesis and Characterization of P/CNTs@rGO (A) Schematic illustration of the preparation process of P/CNTs@rGO composites. (B) Photograph of P/CNTs in water solution, GO solution, P/CNT/GO solution, and the assembled P/CNTs@rGO hydrogel in 20 mL glass vials. (C) Photograph of the assembled P/CNTs@rGO hydrogels with different P content. (D) Photograph of the kilogram-scale preparation of P/CNT powder in the laboratory. (E) Demonstration of a self-standing P/CNTs@rGO hydrogel assembled in a 3-L container. (F–M) SEM (top row) and TEM (bottom row) images of ball-milled red P nanoparticles (F and G), P/CNTs (H and I), P@rGO (J and K), and P/CNTs@rGO (L and M). The inset in (L) is a flexible and self-standing P/CNTs@rGO paper electrode. Chem 2018 4, 372-385DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.006) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Structure and Chemical State Characterization (A and B) The XRD patterns (A) and Raman shifts (B) of P, P/CNTs, P@rGO, and P/CNTs@rGO. (C) High-resolution spectra of XPS P 2p of P/CNTs and P/CNTs@rGO. (D) FTIR spectrum of P/CNTs@rGO. Chem 2018 4, 372-385DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.006) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Electrochemical Characterization of P, P/CNTs, P@rGO, and P/CNTs@rGO as Anodes for LIBs (A) The initial galvanostatic charge-discharge curves of P, P/CNTs, P@rGO, and P/CNTs@rGO at 0.2 C. (B) Discharge capacities of P/CNTs@rGO with different P content (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 wt %) at 0.2 C. (C) The cycling performance of P, P/CNTs, P@rGO, and P/CNTs@rGO at 0.5 C for 100 cycles. (D) The rate performance of P/CNTs@rGO at rates varying from 0.2 to 10.0 C. (E) The long-term cycling performance of P/CNTs@rGO at 1.0 C over 500 cycles. (F) Comparison of whole electrode gravimetric capacities; see also Table S2. (G) The potential response curves of P/CNTs, P@rGO, and P/CNTs@rGO during GITT measurements. The inset is the magnified area illustrating the overpotential. (H) In situ reaction resistances of P/CNTs, P@rGO, and P/CNTs@rGO during charge-discharge processes. Chem 2018 4, 372-385DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.006) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Electrochemical Performance of P/CNTs@rGO as Anodes for SIBs (A) The potential versus capacity profiles of P/CNTs@rGO for the first three cycles at 0.2 C. (B) The rate performance of P/CNTs@rGO at rates varying from 0.2 to 6.0 C. (C) The cycling performance of P/CNTs@rGO at 1.0 C for 500 cycles. Chem 2018 4, 372-385DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.006) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 The Electrochemical Characterization of the Full Cell with P/CNTs@rGO as the Anode and LiCoO2 as the Cathode (A) Schematic structure of the full battery. (B) Digital photographs of a red LED lit by the full cell under flat and bent states. (C) The cycling performance of the full cell at 0.2 C over 100 cycles. (D) Galvanostatic charge-discharge curves of the full cell at the 1st, 5th, 50th, and 100th cycles. The specific capacity was calculated on the basis of P. Chem 2018 4, 372-385DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.006) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Scheme 1 Schematic Illustration of Different Red P Hybrids before and after Lithiation or Sodiation Ball-milled red P agglomerates (A), red P/CNTs (B), and hierarchical P/CNTs@rGO (C) before and after lithiation or sodiation. Chem 2018 4, 372-385DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.006) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions