10.1 Types of Volcanoes Anatomy of a Volcano

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Presentation transcript:

10.1 Types of Volcanoes Anatomy of a Volcano • Volcano - mountain formed of lava and/or pyroclastic material • Crater - depression at summit of volcano • Conduit (pipe) - carries gas-rich magma to surface Ship Rock, New Mexico, is a volcanic neck. Ship Rock consists of igneous rock that crystallized in the pipe of a volcano that then was eroded away.

10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Types of Volcanoes 1) Shield Volcanoes - broad, gently sloping (built from fluid basaltic lavas) -- Eruptions usually mild & can occur several times --Magma has a LOW viscosity - Ex. Mauna Loa in Hawaii

Shield Volcanoes

2) Cinder Cones - small size, steep slope Pyroclastic Material-- Hot ash & minimal lava thrown from vent forming steep sides --Tend to be active for short time, then go dormant -- Explosive due to high gas content in Magma Ex: Paricutin in Mexico

Cinder Cones

3) Composite Cones - composed of both lava flows & pyroclastic material. Large steep slopes -most violent Eruptions! - Magma has HIGH viscosity - Most near Pacific Ocean (Ring of Fire).

Anatomy of a Composite Volcano

The Eruption of Mt. St. Helens

Mount St. Helens Before and After the May 18, 1980, Eruption

Profiles of Volcanic Landforms

Other Volcanic Landforms Calderas - large depressions in volcanoes. • Nearly circular • Formed by collapse • Size exceeds 1 km in diameter

Which type of volcano is the smallest and most abundant and tends to be active for short periods of time? Shield Composite Cinder cone Cinder cone volcanoes: Smallest and most abundant Large amount of trapped gas creating violent eruptions Vast amounts of hot ash & lava are thrown from the vent These particles fall to the ground around the vent forming the cone Tend to be active for a short time and then go dormant