The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe EQ: How influential was the Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Europe?

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Terms Persecute Monastery Monk Clergy Excommunicate Sacrament Pilgrimage Relic Convent Nun University Rhetoric Theology Natural Law Monasticism Illuminated Manuscript Religious Order Friar

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Terms 1. Persecute 2. Monastery To cause a person to suffer because of his or her beliefs A community of monks

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Terms Cont. 3. Monk 4. Clergy A man who has taken a solemn vow to devote his life to prayer and service in a monastery The body of people, such as a priest, who perform sacred functions of the church

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Terms Cont. 5. Excommunicate 6. Sacrament To formally deprive a person of membership in a church A solemn rite of Christian churches; brings blessings from God.

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Terms Cont. 7. Pilgrimage 8. Relic A journey to a holy site An object considered holy because it belonged to or was touched by a saint or other holy person

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Terms Cont. 9. Convent 10. Nun A community of nuns; also called a nunnery A woman who has taken a sacred vow to devote her life to prayer and service to the church

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Terms Cont. 11. University 12. Rhetoric A school of advanced learning The study of persuasive writing and speaking

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Terms Cont. 13. Theology 14. Natural Law The study of God and religious truth The concept that there is a universal order built into nature that can guide moral thinking about right and wrong

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Terms Cont. 15. Monasticism 16. Illuminated Manuscript A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith A handwritten book decorated with bright colors and precious metals

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Terms Cont. 17. Religious Order 18. Friar A brotherhood or sisterhood of monks, nuns, or friars A member of a certain religious order devoted to teaching and works of charity

The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe EQ: How influential was the Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Europe?

The Christian Church Takes Shape Around 30 C.E.: Jesus teaches to small group of followers Romans persecute Christians 313 C.E.: Constantine legalizes Christianity 395 C.E.: Christianity becomes recognized religion of the Roman Empire In the late 8th and early 9th centuries, Charlemagne helps unify the church.

The Increasing Power of the Church By 1050 C.E.: the Catholic Church taxes everybody (tithe) 10% is largest landowner in Europe has great political power because only clergy could read

The Increasing Power of the Church (cont.) 1073-1085: Pope Gregory VII undertook several reforms forbidding priests to marry outlawing the selling of church offices banned the practice of kings appointing priests, bishops, and the heads of monasteries excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor: Henry IV because Henry objected to the reforms

Sacraments and Salvation Catholic Church states that to achieve salvation one needs to follow the church’s teachings and live a moral life

Seven Sacraments Baptism: entry into the church; Confirmation: formal declaration of belief in God; Eucharist: consecration of bread and wine; Extreme unction: blessing given to someone in danger of dying (anointing of the sick); Holy orders: a man becomes a priest; Matrimony: a formal union blessed by the church; Penance: confession of sins

Pilgrimages and Crusades Christians went on pilgrimages to visit holy sites and visit relics In England many visited the shrine of Thomas Becket Pilgrimages were made to Rome and Jerusalem Crusades were holy wars to free the Holy Land from infidels

Art and Architecture During the Middle Ages most art was made for religious purposes As people couldn’t read, art helped tell the story of Jesus Cathedrals: were the tallest buildings in town; were named for the chair the bishop sat on; were usually built in the shape of a cross; took 50 –100 years to build.

Education Most schooling took place in monasteries, convents, and cathedrals In the 1200s, universities develop and teach many subjects including: rhetoric and theology Thomas Aquinas tried to bridge gap between faith and reason; created concept of natural law

Holidays Holiday comes from “holy day” Two of the greatest holidays were Christmas and Easter

Monks, Nuns, and Mendicants Monks live secluded religious lives. Monasticism Convents Illuminated manuscripts were created by monks by hand and kept knowledge of the past alive Nuns had many similarities to monks. Many nuns became important reformers and thinkers.

Monks, Nuns, and Mendicants (cont.) Friars traveled among the people Franciscan Friars were poor and had to work or beg for food. St. Francis believed all living things should be treated with respect.

The Organization of the Catholic Church Clergy Pope Cardinals Archbishops Bishops Priests