Pump-Up Why does WWI begin?

World War I Begins

Today’s Vocabulary Archduke Franz Ferdinand Central Powers WWI begins b/c of his assassination. Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. Allied Powers Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and the U.S.

Today’s Vocabulary “No Man’s Land” Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Territory between the trenches. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Germany’s tactic of using submarines to fire on any enemy ship at any time. Zimmermann Telegram Germany’s request for Mexico to start a war in the Western Hemisphere to keep the U.S. out of WWI.

Causes of WWI Militarism Alliances Nations began to build up their military in order to defend themselves and their colonies. Alliances Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Triple Entente Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Causes Continued Imperialism Nationalism Colonies provided new markets and rich natural resources. Nationalism Led to the formation of new nations. Germany and Italy Created countries with different ethnics groups. Balkans

Shot that Started the War Archduke Franz Ferdinand Gavrilo Princip The Black Hand Wanted to free his home country, Bosnia, from Austro-Hungarian rule. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. Assassinated June 28, 1914. Gavrilo Princip

War Breaks Out July 28- Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Aug. 1- Germany declared war on Russia. Aug. 3- Germany declared war on France. Aug. 4- German troops enter neutral country of Belgium. Great Britain declared war on Germany.

Alliances Realign Central Powers Allied Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Allied Powers Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy (1915) and eventually the U.S.

Early Battles Schlieffen Plan Germany’s plan to launch a surprise invasion of France by passing through Belgium and then later attack Russia. Germany got within 30 miles of Paris when Russia invaded Germany. Germany forced to fight a two front war. Battle of the Marne Stopped the German advance.

Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land” Barbed wire Area in between the two sides trenches. Barbed wire Used to stop advancing troops. Trench warfare created a stalemate.

Chemical Warfare Mustard Gas Chlorine Gas Gas masks Intense itching and skin irritation. Large blisters filled with yellow fluid. Remained in soil weeks after releasing. Chlorine Gas Destroyed the respiratory system. Led to a slow death. Gas masks

Tanks Could maneuver through “No Man’s Land.” Crushed barbed wire.

Airplanes 1st used as scouts. Later machine guns were attached. Life expectancy of a pilot was about 2 weeks. No parachutes. Zeppelins (blimps)

Flamethrowers Could fire as far as 60 feet. Short life expectancy. Useful when used at short-range. Short life expectancy.

U.S. Stays Neutral The U.S. remained in isolation during the beginning of WWI. Most Americans favored the Allies. British blockaded German ports and searched for contraband. Germans responded by creating U-Boats. Submarines Unrestricted submarine warfare

Lusitania Sank in 15 minutes. 128 Americans died. Outraged Americans. Sussex Pledge America demanded that Germany quit submarine warfare or go to war with the U.S. Germany agreed that it would no longer sink ships without warning.

Election of 1916 Democrat- Woodrow Wilson* “He kept us out of war.” Republican- Charles Evans Hughes

STOP Woodrow Wilson promises to keep America out of WWI. Is he able to keep his promise? Why not? It’s time for you to find the answer yourself!! Read the following 2 documents and answer the questions that go along with it.

Zimmermann Telegram Mexico would regain territory lost in the Mexican-American War if they agreed to start a war with America to keep them out of Europe during WWI.

U.S. Declares War The Bolshevik Revolution forces Czar Nicholas II to give up his power. Valdimir Lenin takes Russia out of WWI. Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. Sinks 6 American ships within a month. “The world must be made safe for democracy.” April 6, 1917, America declares war.

Reflection Explain why WWI begins and how WWI became a stalemate.