AP Psychology Test Review CH 1- History and Approaches of Psychology

Today, psychology is defined as the: Study of mental phenomenon Study of conscious and unconscious activity Study of Behavior Science of behavior and mental processes Study of self-awareness

Plato Aristotle Descartes Locke Socrates The 17th century philosopher who believed that the mind is blank at birth and that most knowledge comes through sensory experience is: Plato Aristotle Descartes Locke Socrates

The debate of environmental influences on behavior Which of the following exemplifies the issue of the relative importance of nature and nurture on our behavior? The issue of the relative influence of biology and experience on behavior The issue of the relative influence of rewards and punishments on behavior The debate as to the relative importance of heredity and instinct in determining behavior The debate as to whether mental processes are a legitimate area of scientific study The debate of environmental influences on behavior

Wundt, 1879 James, 1890 Freud, 1900 Watson, 1913 Jung, 1935 This German philosopher and psychologist was the first to set up a laboratory to gather empirical data related to psychology. Wundt, 1879 James, 1890 Freud, 1900 Watson, 1913 Jung, 1935

In psychology, “behavior” is best defined as: Anything a person says, does, or feels Any action we can observe and record Any action, whether observable or not Anything we can infer from a person’s actions Both 3 and 4

Behavioral Evolutionary Biological Cognitive Socio-Cultural A psychologist who explores how Asian and North American definitions of attractiveness differ is working within this psychological perspective: Behavioral Evolutionary Biological Cognitive Socio-Cultural

According to Maslow, these needs must be met before all others. Safety Self-actualization Love and Belongingness Physiological Esteem Needs

Behavioral Psychoanalytic Socio-Cultural Neuroscience Cognitive This approach to psychology focuses on rewards, punishments, and associations. Behavioral Psychoanalytic Socio-Cultural Neuroscience Cognitive

Evolutionary Psychoanalytic Socio-Cultural Behavioral Cognitive The way the mind processes, stores, and retrieves information is the primary concern of this approach to psychology: Evolutionary Psychoanalytic Socio-Cultural Behavioral Cognitive

Watson Freud Skinner Jung Rogers This Humanistic psychologist created the term “unconditional positive regard” which encouraged his clients to always focus on the positive. Watson Freud Skinner Jung Rogers

Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

Which of the following individuals is also a physician? Clinical psychologist Experimental psychologist Psychiatrist Developmental Psychologist Psychoanalyst

The research technique of introspection: Measures people biologically using tools such as an MRI or PET scan Studies groups of people interacting with each other Asks people to describe their sensory experiences Studies children rather than adolescents and adults Exposes people to a variety of stressful situations to determine how they will respond.

The biological approach is most closely associated with the discipline of: Evolution Chemistry Development Neuroscience Natural selection

Humanistic psychology Biological psychology Socio-cultural psychology Which of the following psychological theories is known as the one that emphasizes "free will"? Behaviorism Psychoanalysis Humanistic psychology Biological psychology Socio-cultural psychology

The goals of psychology are to: Develop effective methods of psychotherapy. Describe, predict, understand, and control behavior Explain the functioning of the human mind Compare, analyze, and control human behavior. Create a patient / therapist relationship

Humanistic Behavioral Psychoanalytic Socio-cultural Psychodynamic Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Karen Horney were all _______ psychologists: Humanistic Behavioral Psychoanalytic Socio-cultural Psychodynamic

Some topics in psychology are difficult to study because: they overlap with other fields, such as law and business of ethical considerations advanced technology that measures brain waves is not available of a lack of interest in human behavior Of a lack of money to conduct “true” research

Psychology is now considered a science because it gains information through new methods and technology relies on direct observation and measurement of behavior studies animal as well as human behavior Relies on quantifiable data Both 2 an 4

Psychologists use animals in experiments in order to: avoid using unreliable human subjects Please the APA comply with government prohibitions against any unpleasant experiments using human subjects investigate problems that cannot be studied with human subjects in order to discover principles that apply to humans eliminate the effect of the anthropomorphic fallacy.

According to John B. Watson, psychology is the study of: the mind conscious experience Introspection mental states behavior