The 13 Colonies All located on the East Coast. All share the Atlantic Ocean. All settled by Great Britain. All English-speaking. All share the same English heritage.

New England or Northern Colonies Pilgrims (1820) – settled at Plymouth Rock Puritans (1830) – settled at Massachusetts Bay

The Middle Colonies NY, NJ, PA, DE New York – a proprietary colony – one in which the King granted a charter (permission) to establish a colony to one or more people New Jersey started out as a proprietary colony but became a royal colony – one owned & ruled by the King PA – a proprietary colony – William Penn – established as a religious refuge for the Quakers; offered freedom of religion

The Southern Colonies Jamestown (VA) was the first English colony, established by a joint-stock company (similar to a corporation). Georgia – the last colony to be established; a place for debtors and poor people to make a new start; also served as a buffer or military barrier between SC and Spanish Florida. Slavery was outlawed.

Reasons to immigrate Religious; ex: Puritans (were religious dissenters); Catholics (MD), Quakers (PA) Economic opportunity – gain wealth; ex: Jamestown

Geography New England Few Rivers seaports Rocky soil forests Harsh climate - Long winters Middle Soil & climate suited to agriculture South Warm climate Long growing season Rich soil

Economies New England - small farms - industries – milling grain, blacksmiths, etc. - shipbuilding - fishing - triangular trade Middle - commerce & agriculture - farming – wheat & other grains - industries – mines, ironworks South – agricultural – grew tobacco (a cash crop) which led to large plantations, small farms & slavery - forests, naval stores

Mercantilism An economic system to create & maintain wealth by controlling trade. Required colonies with raw materials and that could serve as markets. Required a favorable balance of trade – export (sell) more than you import (buy) Navigation Acts – passed to enforce mercantilism; restricted colonial trade with countries other than England – led to smuggling

Social (Society) Religion was important in all colonies. New England A commonwealth Puritans known for their strong work ethic & personal virtues such as honesty & thriftiness. Towns & large cities – industrial Middle The most diverse – many ethnic and religious groups South a rural agricultural society. Indentured servants later replaced with slaves.

Politics All colonies were self-governing, but all were under the control of the English monarchy. New England Town meetings Only men who were church members could vote. Middle The most democratic South Only white landowners could vote. Large plantation owners held political power.