In vitro fertilization and pregnancy rates: the influence of sperm motility and morphology on IVF outcome  Eilish T. Donnelly, Ph.D., Sheena E.M. Lewis, Ph.D., James A. McNally, B.Sc., William Thompson  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 70, Issue 2, Pages 305-314 (August 1998) DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00146-0

FIGURE 1 Differences in progressive motilities of neat and prepared sperm samples that (A) achieved ≥50% or <50% fertilization in vitro and (B) achieved pregnancy and those that did not. Values are medians (□) interquartile ranges (□ 25%–75%). ∗Significantly lower than samples that achieved ≥50% fertilization (P < .005). †Significantly lower than samples that achieved pregnancy (P ≤ .01). ‡Significantly lower than samples that achieved pregnancy (P ≤ .005; Mann-Whitney U test). Fertility and Sterility 1998 70, 305-314DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00146-0)

FIGURE 2 Differences in average path velocities of neat and prepared sperm samples that (A) achieved ≥50% or >50% fertilization in vitro and (B) achieved pregnancy and those that did not. Values are medians (□) with interquartile ranges (□ 25%–75%). ∗Significantly lower than samples that achieved ≥50% fertilization (P ≤ .05). †Significantly lower than samples that achieved ≥50% fertilization (P ≤ .01). ‡Significantly lower than samples that achieved ≥50% fertilization (P ≤ .005). §Significantly lower than samples that achieved pregnancy (P ≤ .01. ∥Significantly lower than samples that achieved pregnancy (P ≤ .005, Mann-Whitney U test). Fertility and Sterility 1998 70, 305-314DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00146-0)

FIGURE 3 Differences in straightness of neat and prepared sperm samples that (A) achieved ≥50% or <50% fertilization in vitro and (B) achieved pregnancy and those that did not. Values are medians (□) with interquartile ranges (□ 25%–75%). ∗Significantly lower than samples that achieved ≥50% fertilization (P ≤ .05). †Significantly lower than samples that achieved pregnancy (P ≤ .05). ‡Significantly lower than samples that achieved pregnancy (P ≤ .01; Mann-Whitney U test). Fertility and Sterility 1998 70, 305-314DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00146-0)

FIGURE 4 Differences in percentage hyperactivation of neat and prepared sperm samples that (A) achieved ≥50% or <50% fertilization in vitro and (B) achieved pregnancy and those that did not. Values are medians (□) with interquartile ranges (□ 25%–75%). ∗Significantly lower than samples that achieved ≥50% fertilization (P ≤ .005). †Significantly lower than samples that achieved pregnancy (P ≤ .01; Mann-Whitney U test). Fertility and Sterility 1998 70, 305-314DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00146-0)

FIGURE 5 Differences in percentage normal morphologies of neat and prepared sperm samples that (A) achieved ≤50% or <50% fertilization in vitro and (B) achieved pregnancy and those that did not. Values are medians (□) with interquartile ranges (□ 25%–75%). ∗Significantly lower than samples that achieved ≥50% fertilization (P ≤ .005). †Significantly lower than samples that achieved pregnancy (P ≤ .01; Mann-Whitney U test). Fertility and Sterility 1998 70, 305-314DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00146-0)