Behaviors that regulate body temperature

Cool down Panting Sweating Hide in shade Water Gular fluttering With wind chill

Evaporative mechanisms Evaporation- Vaporization of water from a surface Lose water from skin, mouth and nose Panting Sweating Gular fluttering Vibrations that cause air to move back and forward Gular sack of birds

shade

Conduction Heat transferred between 2 objects in direct contact Water Ice Digging in sand/dirt Laying spread out

Wind chill Convection- heat is transferred through movement of air or water Moves air away from body

Warm up Thermogenesis- increasing metabolic heat production Shivering Rubbing hands Hibernation In sunlight Huddling Puff up feathers Goosebumps Curl up Migration

Contract muscles Produce metabolic heat Involuntary or voluntary Shivering Rubbing hands

radiation Transfer of heat from a warmer object to a cooler one by infrared radiation Sunlight

Conduction Heat transferred between 2 objects by direct contact Huddling

Insulation and resistance Trap a layer of air next to skin High body mass to surface ratio Goosebumps Puff up feathers

Curling up Conserve heat Cover nose, paws and ears

hibernation Non-shivering thermogenesis- depends on specialized fat tissue (brown fat) - Mitochondria with specialized protein that let them release energy from fuel molecules directly as heat

Migration Change of environment

Sources http://oceanadventures.co.za/animals-regulate-body-temperature/ https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/principles-of- physiology/metabolism-and-thermoregulation/a/animal-temperature-regulation- strategies https://asknature.org/strategy/gular-fluttering-dissipates-heat/#.W9irYGhKjIU http://www.canr.msu.edu/news/animal_adaptations_for_winter http://www.planet-science.com/categories/under-11s/our- world/2011/10/what%E2%80%99s-the-best-way-to-stay-warm-in-winter.aspx