Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets for Colorectal Cancer Thomas Winder, Heinz–Josef Lenz Gastroenterology Volume 138, Issue 6, Pages 2163-2176 (May 2010) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.02.005 Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions
Figure 1 VEGF family members and receptors. The VEGF family comprises 5 VEGF glycoproteins (VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E) and placenta growth factors (PlGF) 1 and 2. The best characterized of the VEGF ligands, VEGF-A, has different isoforms generated by alternate splicing. The primary effects of these ligands are mediated through binding to the VEGFR tyrosine kinases (TK) (VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, VEGF-R3) and neuropilins 1 and 2, which function as coreceptors for VEGF binding. Gastroenterology 2010 138, 2163-2176DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2010.02.005) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions
Figure 2 EGFR signaling. EGFR binding to ligands and receptor dimerization activate the Ras-MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and STAT signal transduction pathways. These signaling pathways activate transcription factors that regulate genes whose products control cell functions such as survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Gastroenterology 2010 138, 2163-2176DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2010.02.005) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions
Thomas Winder* Gastroenterology 2010 138, 2163-2176DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2010.02.005) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions
Heinz–Josef Lenz*,‡ Gastroenterology 2010 138, 2163-2176DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2010.02.005) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions