Antibiotic resistance: location, location, location

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Antibiotic resistance: location, location, location D.M. Livermore, A. Pearson Clinical Microbiology and Infection Volume 13, Pages 7-16 (June 2007) DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01724.x Copyright © 2007 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 1 Relationship between community penicillin usage in defined daily doses and penicillin resistance (expressed as the natural logarithm of the probability of resistance in any given isolate) among pneumococci from bacteraemia in different European countries, 2005; reproduced from Bronzwaer et al. [15] with permission. Codes are: NL, The Netherlands; DK, Denmark; SW, Sweden; FI, Finland; UK, United Kingdom; LU, Luxembourg; IE, Ireland; BE, Belgium; IT, Italy; PT, Portugal; ES, Spain. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2007 13, 7-16DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01724.x) Copyright © 2007 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 2 Numbers of MRSA bacteraemias, detected ≥48 h after admission, in English hospitals in relation to (a) specialty and (b) augmented care category. Codes are: Gen med, general medicine; Gen sur, general surgery; T & O, trauma and orthopaedics; Clin haem, clinical haematology; Cardio sur, cardiothoracic surgery; ICU, intensive care unit; HDU, high-dependency unit; Gastro, Gastrointestinal; Cardio, cardiothoracic; CCU, critical care unit; Neuro ICU, Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit; Post-op recov, post-operative recovery unit. Data are from [21], reproduced with permission. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2007 13, 7-16DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01724.x) Copyright © 2007 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 3 Displacement of Iberian clone of MRSA (ST247-MRSA-I) by EMRSA-16 (ST32-MRSA-II) in Gran Canaria. Reproduced from Montesinos et al. [52] with permission. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2007 13, 7-16DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01724.x) Copyright © 2007 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions