The Contribution of Na/H Exchange to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury After Hypothermic Cardioplegic Arrest Takashi Yamauchi, MD, Hajime Ichikawa, MD, Yoshiki.

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The Contribution of Na/H Exchange to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury After Hypothermic Cardioplegic Arrest Takashi Yamauchi, MD, Hajime Ichikawa, MD, Yoshiki Sawa, MD, Norihide Fukushima, MD, Koji Kagisaki, MD, Kazuhiro Maeda, PhD, Hikaru Matsuda, MD, Ryota Shirakura, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 63, Issue 4, Pages 1107-1112 (April 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01390-2

Fig. 1 The experimental protocol. The administration of FR168888 is denoted by the black boxes. (CP = the period of the infusion of cardioplegia; FRpre, FRcp, and FRrep = the drug-treated groups during the preischemic period, the infusion of cardioplegic solution, and the reperfusion phase, respectively.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1107-1112DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01390-2)

Fig. 2 Temperature dependency of Na+/H+ exchange and its inhibitor. (A) The acid load induced swelling of rat thymic lymphocytes for 5 minutes. (B) Percentage of inhibition of cell swelling by FR168888. The drug concentration was 10 × 10−8 mol/L. The Ki values were 3.03, 6.42, and 3.23 nmol/L at 17°, 22°, and 27°C, respectively. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1107-1112DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01390-2)

Fig. 3 The raw trace of a representative pressure recording during early reperfusion. At the onset of reperfusion in the normothermic experiment, the resting tension started to increase. After peaking, it gradually decreased. The trace was from the control group (e = exponential.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1107-1112DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01390-2)

Fig. 4 Percentage of recovery of left ventricular systolic pressure in the normothermic (A) and hypothermic (B) experiments. It was significantly higher in the FR168888-treated groups (FR) than in the control group at both temperatures. (FRpre, FRcp, and FRrep = the drug-treated groups during the preischemic period, the infusion of cardioplegic solution, and the reperfusion phase, respectively; ∗p < 0.01; ∗∗p < 0.001.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1107-1112DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01390-2)

Fig. 5 The change in the resting tension during early reperfusion after hypothermic arrest for 5 hours. The resting tension started to increase and peaked at about 10 seconds. After this it remained at this level in the control group and decreased in the FR168888-treated group (FR). (∗p < 0.05.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1107-1112DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01390-2)