Laryngeal signs and symptoms and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): a critical assessment of cause and effect association Michael F Vaezi, Douglas M Hicks, Tom I Abelson, Joel E Richter Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Volume 1, Issue 5, Pages 333-344 (September 2003) DOI: 10.1053/S1542-3565(03)00177-0
Figure 1 Four independent areas of GERD and laryngitis with unresolved questions. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 333-344DOI: (10.1053/S1542-3565(03)00177-0)
Figure 2 Normal laryngeal tissue. TVF, true vocal fold; FVF, false vocal fold; AMW, arytenoid medial wall; AC, arytenoid complex; PCW, posterior cricoid wall; PPW, posterior pharyngeal wall. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 333-344DOI: (10.1053/S1542-3565(03)00177-0)
Figure 3 Abnormal larynx. (A) Leukoplakia; (B) Reinke’s edema; (C) bilateral true vocal fold nodules; (D) true vocal fold hemorrhagic polyp; (E) true vocal fold erythema; (F) vocal fold granuloma; (G) interarytenoid bar; (H) arytenoid medial wall erythema; (I) posterior pharyngeal wall cobble stoning. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 333-344DOI: (10.1053/S1542-3565(03)00177-0)
Figure 4 The reflux pyramid. Response to acid suppression and prevalence of GERD is best at the base of the pyramid. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2003 1, 333-344DOI: (10.1053/S1542-3565(03)00177-0)