Protostomes and the Parasitic Lifestyle

Main Phyla of Animal Parasites Phylum Endoparasite Ectoparasite Annelida X Arthropoda Nematoda Nematomorpha Platyhelminthes Synderma Vertebrata

Types of Symbiosis Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism

Life Cycle Many (e.g. most arthropod parasites) have single hosts. Some, like most flatworms, have complex life cycles with multiple hosts. The host in which sexual reproduction occurs is called the primary host. Other hosts in which asexual multiplication occurs are called intermediate hosts.

Annelid Parasites Leeches: These mainly are ectoparasites though some are predators. Mainly freshwater and mostly feed on fish and turtles.

Arthropod Parasites: Mites/Ticks Mainly ectoparasites.

Arthropod Parasites: Insects Human Body Louse Biting Bird Louse

Arthropod Parasites: Crustacea Cymothoa exigua Sacculina carcini

Nematode Parasites: Single Host Ascaris lumbricoides Necator americanus

Nematode Parasites: Multiple Hosts Filarial Worm: Wuchereria bancrofti Guinea Worm: Dracunculus medinensis

Nematomorph Parasites: Horsehair Worm

Platyhelmenth Parasites: Tapeworms Taenia solium Diphylobothrium latum

Platyhelminth Parasites: Flukes Fasciola hepatica Schistosoma

Spiny-Headed Worm Parasites Macrocanthorhynchus hirudinaceous