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Industrialization Spreads The Industrialization that begins in Great Britain spreads to other parts of the world.

Industrial Development in the US US has natural and labor resources needed to industrialize. Samuel Slater, English textile worker, builds mill in US. Lowell, Massachusetts a mechanized textile center by 1820

Manufacturing towns spring up around factories across the country. Young single women flock to factory towns, work in textile mills. Clothing, shoemaking industries soon mechanize.

Later Expansion of US Industry Industrialization picks up during post-Civil War technology boom Cities like Chicago expand rapidly due to location on railroad lines. Small companies merge to form larger, powerful companies.

The Rise of Corporations Stock- limited ownership rights for company, sold to raise money Corporation- company owned by stockholders, share profits not debts Large corporations attempt to control as much business as they can.

Continental Europe Industrializes Revolution and Napoleonic wars disrupted early 19th-century economy. Industrialization begins in Belgium. It has iron ore, coal, water transportation. British workers smuggle in machine plans and start their own companies (1799)

Germany Industrializes Political, economic barriers; but industry, railroads boom by mid-century Expansion Elsewhere in Europe Bohemia develops spinning technologies, Northern Italy mechanizes silk textiles Industrialization in France is slower; agriculture remains strong.

The Impact of Industrialization Rise of Global Inequality Wealth gap widens; non-industrialized countries fall further behind European nations, US, Japan exploit colonies for resources Imperialism spreads due to need for raw materials, markets

Transformation of Society Europe and US gain economic power African and Asian economies lag, based on agriculture, crafts Rise of middle class strengthens democracy, calls for social reform

Inventors of the Revolution

James Watt Scottish Steam engine Fundamental change that brought about the industrial revolution.

Eli Whitney American Cotton Gin Leads to the Cotton boom Interchangeable Parts

George Stephenson British Railroad engineer The Rocket Can haul a 13 ton load at 24 mph

John McAdam Scottish “Macadam” roads Layers of crushed rock to allow drainage and prevent flooding

Robert Fulton American Uses Steam engine to power his boat called the Clermont. Ferries passengers along New York's Hudson River.

Henry Bessemer British Process to create steel cheaply and efficiently.

Thomas Edison American Patented over 1,000 inventions, including the light bulb and the phonograph. Started a research laboratory in Menlo Park, NJ

Alexander Graham Bell Scottish School teacher to deaf children. Invented the telephone. Essential of modern life.

Louis Pasteur French Chemist Discovers bacteria. Learned that heat killed bacteria and this led to the pasteurization to kill germs in milk.

Modern Day Inventors