Hypertension-induced venous valve remodeling

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Hypertension-induced venous valve remodeling Shinya Takase, MD, Luigi Pascarella, MD, John J Bergan, MD, Geert W Schmid-Schönbein, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 39, Issue 6, Pages 1329-1334 (June 2004) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2004.02.044

Fig 1 Diagram of femoral vascular anatomy in vicinity of arteriovenous fistula. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2004 39, 1329-1334DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2004.02.044)

Fig 2 Diagram with designation of geometric parameters on valve leaflets examined. 1, Half-circle; 2, valve height; 3, leaflet height; 4, sinus length; 5, edge length; 6, leaflet width (maximum leaflet height). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2004 39, 1329-1334DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2004.02.044)

Fig 3 Reflux rates (mean ± SD) in pressurized valves at 3 weeks after arteriovenous fistula placement. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2004 39, 1329-1334DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2004.02.044)

Fig 4 A, Valve half-circle length. B, Leaflet height. C, Leaflet width. D, Valve height. E, Valve edge length of control and pressurized valves. Solid bars, Control valves. For definition of geometric parameters see Fig 2. P < .05 vs control was considered significant. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2004 39, 1329-1334DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2004.02.044)

Fig 5 Number of granulocytes (A), monocytes and macrophages (B), and T-lymphocytes (C) on control and pressurized valves. Solid bars, Control valves. P < .05 vs control was considered significant. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2004 39, 1329-1334DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2004.02.044)

Fig 6 P-selectin (A) and ICAM-1 (B) levels in pressurized veins and valves as compared with control specimens. Solid bars, Control valves. P < .05 vs control was considered significant. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2004 39, 1329-1334DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2004.02.044)