Processes carried out by living things Life Functions Processes carried out by living things A. Biology: Study of life

B. Shared Characteristics of Living Things: 1. Made up of cells 2. Reproduce 3. Based on universal genetic code: DNA

4. Grow 5. Obtain/Use materials & energy from the environment

6. Respond to their environment 7. Maintain a stable internal environment: homeostasis (dynamic equilibrium) 8. As a group, change over time: evolve

ALL chemical and energy processes involved in life functions C. Life Functions/Processes MRS. R. GRENT ** Metabolism: ALL chemical and energy processes involved in life functions

1. Movement (Locomotion) Change in position Move toward resources & away from danger *not all organisms can do this! 2. Reproduction Produce offspring for the survival of the species a. Asexual: 1 parent b. Sexual: 2 parents

3. Synthesis Combine small simple substances to form large complex molecules Assimilation incorporation of matter into an organism

Increase in size and/or number of cells 4. Respiration Release chemical energy stored in nutrients Aerobic: uses O2 Anaerobic: doesn’t use O2 5. Growth Increase in size and/or number of cells

6. Regulation (Coordination) 7. Excretion Organism’s cells/body responds to stimuli to maintain homeostasis 7. Excretion removal of cellular (metabolic) waste (liquids & gases)

8. Nutrition Take in materials from environment for energy, growth,& repair Autotroph: Organism that makes its own food b. Heterotroph: Organism that takes in food from the environment Ingestion: take in food Digestion: break down food Egestion: remove solid waste

9. Transport Movement of substances throughout an organism Absorption & Circulation (blood) In & Out of Cells Within cells