In early OA, thinning of the subchondral plate is directly related to cartilage damage: results from a canine ACLT-meniscectomy model F. Intema, H.A.W.

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In early OA, thinning of the subchondral plate is directly related to cartilage damage: results from a canine ACLT-meniscectomy model F. Intema, H.A.W. Hazewinkel, D. Gouwens, J.W.J. Bijlsma, H. Weinans, F.P.J.G. Lafeber, S.C. Mastbergen Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 18, Issue 5, Pages 691-698 (May 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.01.004 Copyright © 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 a. Representative micrographs of histology. Insert: sample locations at the tibial plateau. Cartilage degeneration is represented by histological damage (b) and a decrease in PG content (c). Each bar represents the mean change (±s.e.m.) between experimental and control joint (absolute change for the histology and percentage change for the PG content) for the lateral (lat) and medial (med) compartment. (* indicates statistical significant difference of P<0.05 and ** indicates P<0.01). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 691-698DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2010.01.004) Copyright © 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Subchondral plate changes. a. Representative micro-CT images of the lateral and medial subchondral plate of the control and experimental joint. b. Cylinder location; centred on the weight-bearing area of the tibial plateau. c. Plate thickness (PlTh) and d. Plate porosity (PlPor), each bar represents the mean change (±s.e.m.) between experimental and control joint (percentage change of PlTh and PlPor) for the lateral and medial compartment (* indicates statistical significance of P<0.05). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 691-698DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2010.01.004) Copyright © 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Trabecular bone changes. Each bar represents the mean change (±s.e.m.) between experimental and control joint (percentage change of the fraction of (a) BV/TV and of (b) the trabecular thickness (TbTh) and (c) absolute change for the SMI) for the lateral and medial compartment each (* indicates statistical significant difference of P<0.05 and ** indicates P<0.01). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 691-698DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2010.01.004) Copyright © 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Correlations between individual cartilage changes and changes of the subchondral plate for the lateral and medial compartment (* indicates statistical significance of P<0.05 and ** indicates P<0.01). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 691-698DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2010.01.004) Copyright © 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Schematical overview of changes in the ACLT-meniscectomy model. Cartilage damage is present in both the medial and lateral compartment, but more severe on the medial side where the meniscus is removed. Thinning and increasing porosity of the subchondral plate coincides with cartilage degeneration on the medial side (inset). Laterally, trabecular bone decreases (−), a sign of unloading, either by total paw unloading or locally due to the varus angle (arrows). These trabecular changes do not occur on the medial side (=/−) where removal of the meniscus increases local (peak) load on the bone, counteracting overall unloading. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18, 691-698DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2010.01.004) Copyright © 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions