Factors Affecting Eruptions.

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Presentation transcript:

Factors Affecting Eruptions

1. MAGMA COMPOSITION • Viscosity (Viscous = Thick) Defined: A measure of a material's resistance to flow. • Composition (silica content) affects viscosity - High silica - high viscosity (rhyolitic lava) - Low silica – Low viscosity (basaltic lava) High or Low Viscosity?

2. MAGMA TEMPERATURE High Temperature Magma: Flows easily, therefore has a low viscosity Low temperature Magma: Resists flow, therefore has a high viscosity Hot spots have the highest temperature magma!

3. DISSOLVED GASES • Mainly water vapor and carbon dioxide • Gasses expand near the surface • Violence of eruption = how easily gases escape from magma - Viscous magma = a more violent eruption.

Magma Composition

Volcanic Material • Two Types of lava flow - Pahoehoe lava (resembles braids in ropes) - Aa lava (rough, jagged blocks)

Pahoehoe (Ropy) Lava Flow

Slow-Moving Aa Flow

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