Chapter 10: The reproductive system Dr. Glotfelty Medical Terminology Chapter 10: The reproductive system Dr. Glotfelty

Female Reproductive System

FEMALE REPRO COMBINING FORMS amni/o: amniotic fluid mamm/o: breast cervic/o: cervix mast/: breast colp/o: vagina men/o: menses culd/o: uterus (culd-o-sac) metr/o: uterus embry/o: embryo nat/o: birth episi/o: vulva oophor/o: ovary fet/o: fetus ovari/o: ovary gynec/o: female salping/o: tube hymen/o: hymen uter/o: uterus hyster/o: uterus vagin/o: vagina lact/o: milk vulv/o: vulva

FEMALE REPRO SUFFIXES –arche: beginning –gravida: pregnancy –para: to bear offspring –partum: childbirth –salpinx: tube –tocia: labor

Vocabulary Fraternal twins: two eggs, two sperm Identical twins: one egg, one sperm Infertility: inability to conceive children Premenstrual Syndrome: symptoms appear just prior to menstrual period; irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety Puberty: reach age for ability to reproduce Meconium: baby’s first bowel movement

Sign and Symptoms/Pathology Candidiasis: vaginal yeast infection Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS): syndrome caused by tampons spontaneous abortion: unplanned loss of pregnancy early in gestation; commonly called a miscarriage Stillbirth: death of a fetus of viable age; occurs shortly before or at time of delivery

Abbreviations AB: abortion HPV: human papilloma virus BSE: breast self exam HRT: hormone replacement therapy CS, C-section: Cesarean section LMP: last menstrual period Cx: cervix OB: obstetics D&C: dilation & curretage PI, para I: first birth EDC: estimated date of conception PID: pelvic inflammatory disease FHR: fetal heart rate PMS GI, grav I: first pregnancy TAH-BSO: total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy GYN, gyn: gynecology HCG, hCG: pregnancy hormone TSS

The Female Reproductive System Purposes: produce ova, , place for fertilization, place for baby to grow, secretes sex hormones Gynecology Internal Organs 1 Uterus 2 ovaries 2 fallopian tubes 1 vagina External Organs Known as the “vulva”

Internal Genitalia Ovaries Fallopian Tubes Small almond shaped Produce ova and female sex hormones (progesterone & estrogen) Ovulation: ova pushed out of ovary Fallopian Tubes Uterine Tubes or oviducts Approximately 5½ inches long Around ovary to uterus Fimbrae: finger like projections Conception: when egg meets sperm

Internal Genitalia Uterus Vagina Hollow, pear shaped with thick muscular walls Cervix: neck of the uterus Layers Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium Menstruation: menstrual period Menarche and Menopause Vagina Muscular tube from uterus to outside world Allows for menstrual flow, receive male penis and birth canal Hymen: thin membrane covering vaginal opening Bartholins glands: secretes fluid that lubricates the vagina

Vulva General term referring to all female external genitalia Labia – minora and majora: folds of skin for protection Clitoris Erectile tissue aroused during sexual excitement Perineum: area between the anus and the vagina

Breast Mammary glands Lactation

Pregnancy Period of time when fetus grows in mother (gestation) - 40 weeks Before 36 weeks = premature Embryo: conception to 8 wks Fetus: 9 wks to delivery Placenta: nourishes fetus Umbilical cord Amniotic Fluid Obstetrics

Pregnancy Neonatology Labor: process of expelling fetus Delivery: baby totally out of mother Labor and Delivery Dilation stage Expulsion stage Placental stage

Comparison of breast cancer (A) and fibrocystic disease (B).

Combining Forms Match Up colp/o episi/o lact/o nat/o salping/o vulva uterine tubes vagina birth milk

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

MALE REPRODUCTIVE WORD PARTS Andr/o: male Spermat/o: sperm Balan/o: glans penis Varic/o: dilated Crypt/o: hidden Vas/o: vas deferens Epididym/o: epididymis Vesicul/o: vesicle Genit/o: genitals -cide: to kill Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, testicul/o: testes -spermia: condition of sperm Pen/o: penis Prostat/o: prostate

Vocabulary/Signs and Symptoms Erectile Dysfunction: inability to get or maintain an erection Sterility: inability to father a child Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH): enlargement of the prostate not due to cancer Phimosis: narrowing of prepuce; constricts glans penis Priapism: persistent and painful erection; caused by pathology, not sexual stimulation

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Chancroid: highly infections non-syphilitic venereal ulcer (pic) Chlamydia: bacterial genital infection in males & females genital herpes: viral infection that appears like blisters genital warts: warts on the genitalia of both males & females; caused by a virus gonorrhea (GC):bacterial infection of mucous membranes of males & females human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): sexually transmitted virus that attacks immune system sexually transmitted disease (STD): disease usually acquired as a result of sexual intercourse; formerly called venereal disease (VD) Syphilis: chronic bacterial infection; attacks multiple organs including brain Trichomoniasis: genitourinary infection caused by a protist in both males and females

Photograph showing a chancroid on the glans penis Photograph showing a chancroid on the glans penis. (Joe Miller/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC])

Diagnostic Tests prostate-specific antigen (PSA): blood test to screen for prostate cancer semen analysis: part of fertility workup; analyzed for number, swimming strength, and shape digital rectal exam (DRE): manual examination for enlarged prostate

Surgical Procedures Castration: removal of testes Circumcision: removal of prepuce Sterilization: process of rendering a male or female unable to conceive children Vasectomy (pic): removal of a segment of vas deferens to prevent sperm from ejaculating Vasovasostomy: reconnects ends of vas deferens to reverse a vasectomy

Figure 10.23 A vasectomy.

Abbreviations BPH: Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy DRE: Digital Rectal Exam ED: erectile dysfunction GU: genitourinary PSA: prostate specific antigen STD: sexually transmitted disease VD: venereal disease

The Male Reproductive System Purposes: produce sperm and secrete sex hormones Also called genitourinary system External Organs 1 penis 2 testes 2 epididymis Internal Organs 2 seminal vesicles 2 vas deferens 1 prostate 2 bulbourethral glands

External Organs Testes (testicles) Perineum Epididymis Oval shaped Makes sperm (spermatogenesis) Scrotum: sac holding testes and epididymis Perineum area between scrotum and anus Epididymis Coiled tubule that lies on top of testicle Sperm maturation and storage

External Organs Penis Male sex organ Erectile tissue Glans penis Prepuce: foreskin Circumcision: removal Of foreskin Ejaculation: expulsion Of semen from penis Urinary meatus

Internal Organs Vas Deferens Seminal Vesicles Prostate Gland Tube from epididymis to the urethra Seminal Vesicles Located base of bladder Secretes glucose-rich fluid to nourish sperm Semen Prostate Gland Below bladder Secretes alkaline fluid to neutralize pH of urethra and vagina Bulbourethral Glands Cowpers Glands Produce mucuslike lubricating fluid

Sperm Download Comic

Quickest Cell Comic

Fertilization 101 Comic

Combining Forms Match Up andr/o balan/o crypt/o orch/o spermat/o testes glans penis sperm male hidden