Chapter 5 The Roman Republic

The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy Rome Mediterranean Sea 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber River Mediterranean Sea

Ancient Italy and the City of Rome ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under

The Greeks, Etruscans, and Early Rome The Greeks and the Etruscans The Greeks Arrived between 750 – 550 B.C. Influence on Romans The Etruscans Origins Urbanization Early Rome Romulus and Remus (753 B.C.) Monarchy Etruscan Influence

The Roman Republic (c. 509 – 264 B.C.) Political Institutions Consuls and Praetors Imperium Specialized Officials Roman Senate 300 Men Served for Life Centuriate Assembly Roman Army The Struggle of the Orders: Social Divisions in the Roman Republic Patricians (Aristocratic governing class) Plebeians (all other citizens) Tribunes of the Plebs (494 B.C.) Council of the Plebs (471 B.C.) Plebiscita

The Roman Conquest of Italy Livy Conquest of the Samnites (beginning c. 340 B.C.) Roman Confederation Citizenship Opportunistic Expansion Roads

Roman Roads in Italy, c. 100 B.C. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264 – 133 B.C.) The Struggle with Carthage First Punic War (264 – 241 B.C.) Roman Conquest of Sicily Second Punic War (218 – 205 B.C.) Hannibal Invasion of Italy Battle of Cannae (216 B.C.) Battle of Zama Roman Conquest of Spain Third Punic War (149 – 146 B.C.) Cato Carthage Destroyed

Roman Conquests in the Mediterranean, 264-133 B.C. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

The Ruins of the Roman city of Nora Previously Occupied by the Carthaginians

The Eastern Mediterranean & Roman Imperialism Greek Support for Carthage Macedonia made Roman Province (148 B.C.) Corinth Destroyed (146 B.C.) Acquisition of Pergamum (133 B.C.) The Nature of Roman Imperialism Opportunistic Expansion Willful Expansion

Society and Culture in the Roman World Greek Influence Roman Religion Gods Adoption of foreign gods Humans Depended on gods Ritual Family Paterfamilias Religious Festivals

The Temple of Diana – Nimes, Southern France

The Growth of Slavery Slaves from conquests Slave Occupations Latifundia Treatment of Slaves Slave Laws Slave Revolts Revolt in Sicily (104 – 101 B.C.) Revolt by Spartacus (73 B.C.)

Roman Family, Roman Law The Roman Family The Evolution of Roman Law Paterfamilias Authority Arranged Marriages Divorce Education of Daughters The Evolution of Roman Law The Twelve Tables (450 B.C.) Praetors Law of Nations Law of Nature

The Development of Literature and Art Plautus (c. 254 – 184 B.C.) Catullus (c. 87 – 54 B.C.) Cicero (c. 106 – 43 B.C.) On the Laws On the Republic Influence of Hellenistic Art Architecture Engineering Skills

Values and Attitudes Mos Maiorum = customs and traditions of their ancestors Pietas = dutiful execution of one’s obligations to fellow citizens, to the gods, and to the state

The Pont du Gard – Roman Aqueduct Provence, France

Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133 – 31 B.C.) Senate Nobiles (Governing Class) Optimates Populares Latifundias Tiberius Gracchus (163 – 133 B.C.) Gaius Gracchus (153 – 121 B.C.)

A New Role for the Roman Army: Marius and Sulla Marius (consul 107, 104 – 100 B.C.) Military Reforms Lucius Cornelius Sulla (dictator 82 – 79 B.C.) Seizes Power using the army Reign of Terror against opponents

The Collapse of the Republic Civil Wars First Triumvirate (Crassus, Pompey and Caesar) Julius Caesar Conquest of Gaul (Modern France) Crosses the Rubicon River (49 B.C.) Defeats Pompey Dictator in 47 B.C.; Dictator for Life in 44 B.C. Reconstitutes Senate Assassinated (44 B.C.) Octavian and Marc Antony Cleopatra Queen of Egypt Battle of Actium (31 B.C.) Marc Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide

Roman Dominions in the Late Republic, 31 B.C. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Discussion Questions Why were the Romans able to defeat or subdue all their enemies in the Italian peninsula? What were the keys to the Roman defeat of Carthage during the Punic Wars? What influence did Greece and other Italian peoples have on the Romans? What was the nature of Roman Imperialism? Did slavery have a positive or negative effect on the Roman Republic? What factors brought about the downfall of the Roman Republic?

Web Links The Mysterious Etruscans Internet Ancient History Sourcebook - Rome Encyclopedia Mythica: Roman Mythology Hannibal Barca and the Punic Wars Resisting Slavery in Ancient Rome The Glory of Rome Julius Caesar