Chapter 2 Cross-Cultural Business

International Business 4e Chapter Preview Define culture and list its components Discuss attitudes toward time, work, and cultural change Describe the roles of religion and communication in a society Discuss how physical environment affects culture Describe two frameworks for classifying cultures © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e What Is Culture? Set of values, beliefs, rules, and institutions held by a specific group of people Cultural literacy Detailed knowledge of a culture that enables a person to function effectively within it √ Ethnocentricity Belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior to that of others X © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

Culture Matters: Creating a Global Mindset Cultural Adaptability Bridging the Gap Building Global Mentality Approach with Caution © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e Nations and Culture National culture Nation-states build museums and monuments to preserve the legacies of important events and people Subculture Group of people that share a unique way of life within a larger culture (language, race, lifestyle, attitudes, etc.) © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

Personal communication Components of Culture Physical environments Education Personal communication Religion Social structure Manners & customs Values & attitudes Aesthetics Culture © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e Aesthetics Music Painting Dance Drama Architecture © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e Values and Attitudes Values Attitudes Positive or negative evaluations, feelings, and tendencies people hold toward objects or concepts The Ideas, beliefs, and customs to which people are emotionally attached Freedom Responsibility Honesty Time Work Cultural change © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

Manners and Customs Manners Customs Appropriate behavior, speech, and dressing in general Customs Traditional ways or behavior in specific circumstances © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e Social Structure Social structure Culture’s groups, institutions, social positions, and resource distribution Social stratification Process of ranking people into social layers Social mobility Ease of moving up or down a culture's "social ladder" © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e World Religions Origin of Human Values Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism Judaism Shinto © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e Language Blunders Japanese knife manufacturer labeled its exports to the United States with “Caution: Blade extremely sharp! Keep out of children.” English sign in a Moscow hotel read, “You are welcome to visit the cemetery where famous Russians are buried daily, except Thursday.” Sign for non-Japanese-speaking guests in a Tokyo hotel read, “You are respectfully requested to take advantage of the chambermaids.” Sign in English at Copenhagen ticket office read, “We take your bags and send them in all directions.” Braniff Airlines’ English-language slogan “Fly in Leather” was translated into “Fly Naked” in Spanish. © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e Mixed Signals "Okay" "It's a secret" "Crazy" "Very nosey" "Very clever" "Vulgar gesture" © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e Education Cultures pass on traditions, customs, and values through schooling, parenting, group memberships, etc. Education level Well-educated attract high-paying jobs, while poorly educated attract low-paying manufacturing jobs Brain drain Departure of highly educated people from one profession, geographic region, or nation to another © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e Problem of Illiteracy © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

Physical and Material Culture These influence a culture’s development and pace of change Topography Physical features characterizing the surface of a geographic region Climate Weather conditions of a geographic region Material Culture Technology used to manufacture goods and provide services © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Framework Relation to nature Time orientation Trust and control Material or spiritual Responsibility to others View of personal space © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

Hofstede Framework Individualism vs. collectivism Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Achievement vs. nurturing © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

Individualism vs. Collectivism International Business 4e Power Distance & Individualism vs. Collectivism © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

Power Distance & Uncertainty Avoidance International Business 4e © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e

International Business 4e Chapter Review Define culture and list its components Discuss attitudes toward time, work, and cultural change Describe the roles of religion and communication in a society Discuss how physical environment affects culture Describe two frameworks for classifying cultures © Prentice Hall, 2008 International Business 4e