Intraoperative naloxone reduces remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia but not pain: a randomized controlled trial  C.-H. Koo, S. Yoon, B.-R.

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Intraoperative naloxone reduces remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia but not pain: a randomized controlled trial  C.-H. Koo, S. Yoon, B.-R. Kim, Y.J. Cho, T.K. Kim, Y. Jeon, J.-H. Seo  British Journal of Anaesthesia  Volume 119, Issue 6, Pages 1161-1168 (December 2017) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex253 Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 CONSORT diagram. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 119, 1161-1168DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex253) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Mean blood pressure (A) and heart rate (B) during anaesthesia. Data are mean and sd. *Mean difference (95% CI) 20 (5–35) mm Hg, P=0.008 and 19 (5–34) mm Hg, P=0.010 compared with the high-remifentanil with and without naloxone groups, respectively, by unpaired t-test; †14 (5–24) mm Hg, P=0.005 and 17 (8–26) mm Hg, P<0.001; ‡10 (1–20) beats min−1, P=0.043 and 15 (5–25) beats min−1, P=0.003; §14 (5–24) beats min−1, P=0.001 and 14 (4–26) beats min−1, P=0.002. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 119, 1161-1168DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex253) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Pain thresholds to mechanical stimuli presented as von Frey numbers on the peri-incisional area of thyroid surgery (A) and the forearm (B). P=0.007 (*), 0.016 (†) and 0.004 (‡) by Mann–Whitney U-test. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 119, 1161-1168DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex253) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Postoperative pain intensity assessed by an 11-point numeric rating scale (0, no pain; 10, worst pain imaginable). Data are mean and sd. There were no significant differences between groups [P=0.23 by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 119, 1161-1168DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex253) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions