World War II The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government.

Before the War- A. Phillip Randolph threatened to have blacks march on Washington DC to demand equality in the military Starting of the Civil Rights Movement FDR integrated the military Fair Employment Act First federal law against segregation

Stirrings of War Hitler elected by the Nazi party in Germany-1933 Blamed Jews and the treaty for their economy Promised to restore glory to Germany Started the “third Reich” an empire he said would last 1,000 years Mussolini took power in Italy-1922 Began invading other nations Hitler supported him and they became allies

Hitler’s Aggression Hitler takes over land where Germans live Rhineland Austria Sudetenland France and England did not want war so they ignored him

Japan’s Aggression Japan needed to expand to get more natural resources 1940- allied with Hitler and Mussolini Invaded Manchuria, and China,

US Neautrality Americans too concerned over depression Wanted to be neutral FDR very concerned and wanted war but could not convince congress

9.2 Major Events and Battles

WWII Sept 1, 1939 Hitler invades Poland England and France declare war Conquered in 3 weeks –blitzkrieg Goal was to get to Russia Made a treaty with Russia to promise peace England and France declare war France, Belgium, and Netherlands quickly fall to Hitler Hitler offers England a surrender but they refuse

Battle of Britain Prime Minister Winston Churchill was alone in keeping the rest of Europe from the Axis powers Hitler focused on the Royal Air Force first Nightly bomb raids Citizens slept in subways every night London almost destroyed Churchill inspired the people to continue to fight against evil

US Involved Congress passes the “lend lease act” Allowed US to lend military weapons to England “we must be the arsenal of democracy” “What would you do if your neighbor’s house were on fire? Sell him a hose?”

Pearl Harbor Japan wanting to expand but can’t with US fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Planned a surprise attack on a Sunday morning to take out the fleet US expected an attack but protected Philippines instead Dec 7, 1941- 2 hours destroyed most of the fleet “a day which will live in infamy!” US declares war on Axis Powers

Pearl harbor

Internment Camps Japanese, German, and Italian Americans forced into camps Worried they were spies Lost all money and possessions 1983 US Government apologized and gave $20k to living survivors

D Day Allied Powers- England, France, Russia, US Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt decided to attack at France and create a 2nd front Operation Overlord- largest land/sea invasion ever June 6, 1944 Lasted 1 week- got ½ million on shore Won Paris by August

Saving Private Ryan

V-E Day As Soviet and US troops got close to Berlin, Hitler killed himself in his bunker Germany Surrendered April 30, 1945 FDR Died 2 weeks before

The Holocaust After V-E Day the allied discovered concentration camps Hitler’s “final solution to the Jewish problem” as to exterminate the Jewish race 6 million Jews died Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, & mentally retarded also targeted

War in the Pacific Japan attacked Philippines and took prisoners Forced to walk 60 miles with no food/water and were beat- many died Bataan Death March Battle of Midway- US attacked Japanese ships while loading – turning point US begins “Island Hopping” their way to Japan

Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project- top secret plan to build an atomic bomb Tested and build in Los Alamos, NM An alternative to invading Japan Japan refused “unconditional surrender” so the US used the bomb Aug 6, 1945- Hiroshima Aug 9, 1945- Nagasaki Aug 14, 1945- V-J Day (full surrender)

Atomic Bomb Explosion

The War at Home US set up the war production board to coordinate all war efforts Posters, movies, factories, rationing All factories turned from consumer products to producing war products Raising money through income taxes and war bonds

Rosie The Riveter Women stepped forward to take men’s jobs to help with the war effort The song “Rosie The Riveter” was a popular example of these women