8.5 The War Moves South (pt. 1) pp. 232-234

Objective: Explain why the British shifted their focus to the South.

Review 1. List three advantages of the Continental Army. 2. List three disadvantages of the Continental Army. 3. List three advantages of the British Army. 4. Define Hessians— 5. List three disadvantages of the British Army. 6. Who was the leader of the Green Mountain Boys? 7. Where did Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys capture a valuable supply of ammunition and 50 cannons? 8. What famous order did an American officer at Bunker Hill give his soldiers and why? 9. On what hill was the Battle of Bunker Hill actually fought?

Review: 10. Who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense? 11. Who introduced a resolution on June 7, 1776, to declare independence from Great Britain? 12. Who was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence? 13. On what day did the Continental Congress officially approve the Declaration of Independence? 14. Who signed the document in large, bold letters? 15. What 3 basic rights are listed in the second section of the Declaration? 16. Define Loyalists— 17. Define Patriots—

Review: 18. Define blockade— 19. Who was Nathan Hale and what were his famous last words? 20. In his pamphlet The American Crisis, Thomas Paine wrote “These are the times that ___________ __________ ___________.” 21. What is the subject of this famous image (see page 213)? 22. Where did Washington’s troops defeat an army of Hessians on December 26, 1776?

Review: 23. What 1777 battle is generally considered the turning point of the Revolutionary War? 24. Which European nation pledged to provide military assistance to America with the signing of the Treaty of Alliance in 1778? 25. Where did Washington’s army spend the harsh winter of 1777-1778? 26. Identify four foreign officers who helped train American forces. 27. Who led an American force to victory at Vincennes in 1779? 28. Define privateers-- 29. Who became known as the “Father of the American Navy?”

A. War in the South (pp. 232-233) The British turned their attention to the Southern colonies when France entered the war in 1778. The British believed they had more support (loyalists) in the South and thought that support would help them win more battles there. On December 29, 1778, they captured the port city of Savannah, Georgia; Charleston, South Carolina, fell to the British in May 1780.

B. Arnold Joins the British (p. 233) Caught spying for the British was one of Washington’s most trusted generals—Benedict Arnold. In 1780 Arnold tried to turn the American fort at West Point (N.Y.) over to the British. Arnold’s treachery was discovered when a message he sent to the British was intercepted; he fled the scene and later became a general in the British army.

C. Patriot Raids (p. 233) Many southern colonists took the situation into their own hands by forming marauding groups who raided British camps in the countryside. These types of hit-and-run raids are often referred to as guerrilla warfare (that’s guerrilla, not gorilla). Patriot raiders were skilled hunters who knew how to use their rifles and could easily survive in the wilderness.

D. The “Swamp Fox” (p. 233-234) Known as the “Swamp Fox,” Francis Marion was the leader of one such band of organized raiders. Marion led his troops in quick strikes, cutting off enemy supplies and supply routes, and then retreating into the wilderness or swamps. Marion’s raids helped keep the British off balance.

E. Southern Battles (pp. 234-235) Southern battles, like Kings Mountain, the Cowpens, and Guilford Courthouse were especially savage. One British cavalry officer, Banastre Tarleton, often displayed a ruthless hatred and contempt for the American cause. A future American president but only a Carolina teenager at the time, Andrew Jackson suffered a sword wound to his face and hands after he refused to clean mud from a British officer’s boots.

Review: 30. To which region did the British turn their attention in 1778? 31. Which trusted American general was caught spying for the British? 32. What type of military tactics did American forces in the South devise? 33. Which American guerrilla leader was known as the “Swamp Fox?”