Anatomy and Physiology I Review of Tissue Types

Key Terms H????: the study of tissues. Tissues: groups of ----- which are similar in structure and which perform common or related functions.

Key Terms Histology: the study of tissues. Tissues: groups of cells which are similar in structure and which perform common or related functions.

Four Basic Kinds of Tissues E???? Tissue C???? Tissue M???? Tissue N???? Tissue

Four Basic Kinds of Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue

Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Locations: Name 1 Epithelial Tissue Functions: Name 2

Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Locations: Covers the body Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vessels inside the body Covers the organs inside body cavities Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection from physical & chemical injury, Protection against microbial invasion, Contains receptors which respond to stimuli, Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials and Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures.

Connective Tissue Connective Tissue: Connective Tissue Functions: Most abundant & found where?? Connective Tissue Functions: name 2

Connective Tissue Connective Tissue: Connective Tissue Functions: Most abundant & widely distributed tissue Connective Tissue Functions: Connects, binds and supports structures, Tendons, ligaments, etc. Protects & cushions organs and tissues, Insulates (fat) and Transports substances (blood).

Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue: name 3 Muscle Tissue Functions:

Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue: Muscle Tissue Functions: Associated with the bones (skeletal) of the skeleton, the heart (cardiac) and in the walls of the hollow organs (smooth) of the body. Muscle Tissue Functions: Movement Locomotion Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood Peristalsis

Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue: Nervous Tissue Functions: Main component of the nervous system, Where do we find this? Nervous Tissue Functions: name 2

Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue: Nervous Tissue Functions: Main component of the nervous system, ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves. Nervous Tissue Functions: Regulates & controls body functions Generates & transmits nerve impulses Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons.

Cell Organelles - Onion Cell membrane

Cell Organelles - Onion Cytoplasm

Cell Organelles - Onion Nuclear Membrane

Cell Organelles - Onion Nucleolus

Cell Organelles - Onion Chromatin

Squamous Epithelium Simple – one cell thick Forms solid layer of cells which line blood vessels, body cavities & cover organs in body cavities Stratified – multiple layers Forms epidermis

Cuboidal Epithelium Simple – one cell thick Roughly cube shaped Cuboid Cells Simple – one cell thick Roughly cube shaped Duct Line ducts in kidneys, etc, where reabsorption and secretory activities take place. Cuboid Cells Duct

Columnar Epithelium Simple – one cell thick Column shaped (long & narrow) Line digestive tract where reabsorption & secretion occurs. Pseudostratified – gives the appearance of more than one layer of columnar epithelial cells

Specific Connective Tissue Types: Adipose Bone Hyalaine cartilage

Connective - Adipose Honeycomb or chickenwire appearance Stores energy (fat) Insulates Supports & protects organs

Connective - Bone Tree ring-like appearance Supports & protects Mineral storage Fat storage Blood cell production

Connective – Hyaline Cartilage Supports while providing flexibility Absorbs compression between bones in joints (articular cartilage) Holds open respiratory passages Most abundant type of cartilage in body

Specific Muscle Tissue Types: muscle (skeletal)

Muscle - Skeletal Muscle fibers (cells) long, parallel & cylindrical With many nuclei (multinucleate) Striations (cross stripes run perpendicular to the cells Produce voluntary movement Locomotion Heat

Specific Nervous Tissue Types Nervous – Neuron Branching cells with many long processes Large central nucleus Transmit impulses from one area of the body to other areas Regulate activities through neuron impulses

Human Tissues Additional Review Tissue differentiation

Tissue Types Name the 4 main types

Tissue Types Muscle Epithelial Connective Nervous

Muscle Tissue 3 types of muscle tissue ??? –heart ????– attached to bones ??? – internal organs and blood vessels

Muscle Tissue 3 types of muscle tissue Cardiac –heart Skeletal – attached to bones Smooth – internal organs and blood vessels

Cardiac Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal

Skeletal

Smooth Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Epithelial Tissue 3 types of epithelial tissue Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Descriptive layers Simple – one layer Stratified – more than one layer

Epithelial Cell Shapes

Simple Squamous Epithelia

Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

Simple Columnar Epithelia

Stratified Squamous Epithelia

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

Connective Tissue 6 Types Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue Adipose Blood Cartilage Bone

Loose Connective Tissue

Areolar C.T.

Dense Connective Tissue

Fibrous C.T.

Adipose Tissue

Blood

Blood smear

Cartilage

Cartilage types Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrous

Bone

Nerve Tissue