Effect of skeletonization of the internal thoracic artery on vessel wall integrity Mario Gaudino, MD, Amelia Toesca, PhD, Stefania Lucia Nori, MD, Franco.

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Effect of skeletonization of the internal thoracic artery on vessel wall integrity Mario Gaudino, MD, Amelia Toesca, PhD, Stefania Lucia Nori, MD, Franco Glieca, MD, Gianfederico Possati, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 68, Issue 5, Pages 1623-1627 (November 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00664-5

Fig 1 (A, B). Morphologic light microscopic evaluation of a pedicled mammary graft shows good maintenance of the arterial wall architecture (A = adventitia, E = endothelium, EEL = external elastic lamina, IEL = internal elastic lamina, M = media). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 1623-1627DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00664-5)

Fig 2 (A, B). Morphologic light microscopic evaluation of a skeletonized mammary graft shows good maintenance of the arterial wall architecture (A = adventitia, E = endothelium, EEL = external elastic lamina, IEL = internal elastic lamina, M = media). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 1623-1627DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00664-5)

Fig 3 Immunohistochemical staining with anti-factor VIII antibody (stained in brown) demonstrates optimal preservation of the endothelial layer in a pedicled mammary graft (A = 10 ×, B = detail of A 64 ×). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 1623-1627DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00664-5)

Fig 4 Immunohistochemical staining with anti-factor VIII antibody (stained in brown) demonstrates optimal preservation of the endothelial layer in a skeletonized mammary graft (A = 10 ×, B = detail of A 64 ×). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 1623-1627DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00664-5)

Fig 5 Morphological electron microscopic evaluation demonstrates good preservation of the ultrastructural aspect of both pedicled (A) and skeletonized (B) mammary graft (BL = basal lamina, E = endothelium). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 1623-1627DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00664-5)

Fig 6 Electron microscope analysis of a skeletonized mammary graft shows good preservation of the intercellular junction between endothelial cells (G = gap junction). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 1623-1627DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00664-5)

Fig 7 Electron microscope imaging of a microthrombus in a skeletonized mammary graft (E = endothelium, L = vessel lumen, RBC = red blood cell). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 1623-1627DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00664-5)