Cognitive Skill REASONING

Forms of Articulated Knowledge There are six types of knowledge Algorithm Concepts Directions Factlets Generalizations Strategies

Types of Reasoning There are four types of reasoning Convergent Reasoning Divergent Reasoning Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning

Convergent Reasoning Things involved in Convergent reasoning Synthesis Trial and error Problem finding and solving Goal setting Procedural knowledge

Divergent Reasoning Things you can do in divergent reasoning Analysis Experiment Problem finding and solving Brainstorming Propositional knowledge

Deductive Reasoning Moves from general to specific It is the analogue of divergent reasoning Usually focuses on hypothesis testing in order to explain a specific case This type of reasoning is based on prior knowledge

Inductive Reasoning Moves from specific to generalizations It is the analogue of convergent reasoning Involves theory building based from isolated incidents, ie. Fords are lemons because the number six piston blows through the hood

Procedural Knowledge Follows this order: Directions Algorithms Strategies

Propositional Knowledge Includes: Factlets Organized facts Concepts and generalizations

Integrating Knowledge Procedural knowledge (Episodic Memory) Constructing models Shaping Internalizing Propositional Knowledge (Semantic Memory) Constructing meaning Organizing Relating