5 Themes of Geography Study Guide Part 1.2, Part 4, and Part 6

Geography’s 5 themes Part 1.2 Pages C6-C7

Two questions that geographers always ask are 1.) Where are things located? 2.) Why are they there? What are the five themes of geography? location, place, region, movement, and human-environment interaction

the location of a place relative to another place Relative location is the location of a place relative to another place Ex: Washington, D.C. is about 200 miles southwest of New York City Absolute location is describing a place’s exact position on Earth of terms of longitude and latitude Ex: The center of Washington, D.C. is at the intersection of the 38°54’(‘ = minutes) north latitude and 77°2’ west longitude.

The term that refers to a group of places that have features in common is region Movement is defined as exploring how people, goods, and ideas get from one place to another Ex: food, fuel, and other basic goods

Describe human-environment interaction considers how people affect their environment, or their natural surroundings, and how their environment affects them. Ex: The movement of water from the Potomac River into Washington’s water system. A region is an area with at least one unifying physical or human feature Ex: climate, landforms, population, or history

Location is described as where something is Ex: Answers will vary Define place refers to the mix of human and nonhuman features at a given location. Ex: hilly, wet, on a river, major city

Explain the difference between absolute and relative location. Absolute location is something or someone’s exact location and relative location describe something or someone being near/around something or someone else.

Human-environment interaction Part 4 (4.1-4.3) 4.1 – Environment and Resources (pgs C46-C47) 4.2 – Land Use (pgs C50-C51) 4.3 – People’s Impact on the Environment (C52-C53)

What theme focuses on cultural adaptations to natural resources and pollution? human-environment interaction Two types of natural resources are renewable and nonrenewable

waste that makes the air, soil, or water less clean What is pollution? waste that makes the air, soil, or water less clean Ex: Many farmers use chemicals called fertilizers and pesticides to help plants grow and to kill pests. Colonists bringing new crops and new ways of farming are an example of colonization.

residential area on the edge of a A suburb is a residential area on the edge of a city or large town Ex: Southaven, MS is a suburb of Memphis, TN. People traveled on dirt roads years ago but we now have paved roads. What theme of geography does this describe? human-environment interaction

What causes large cities to be grown around factories? Farmers practicing crop rotation to preserve nutrients in the soil is an example of human-environment interaction. What causes large cities to be grown around factories? industrialization

Population and movement Part 6 (6.1-6.4) 6.1 – Population Growth (pgs C74-C75) 6.2 – Population Distribution (pgs C76-C77) 6.3 – Migration (pgs C78-C79) 6.4 – Urbanization (pgs C80-C81)

Define emigrate. To migrate OUT of a place Define immigrate. To migrate INTO a place What is the difference between emigrate and immigrate? Emigrate means OUT of a particular place and immigrate means INTO a particular place

considered a ______ area and _______ areas are cities. rural, urban A settlement in the country is considered a ______ area and _______ areas are cities. rural, urban What is death rate? the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year What is birth rate? the number of live births per 1,000 people in a year

scientist who study human populations A demographer – scientist who study human populations The number of people per unit of land area describes the Population density Suburban sprawl can cause ______and _______ use because people in the suburbs use _______________ pollution, energy, cars for transportation

____________ attract people to new countries while ____________ cause people to migrate from or leave their home country. Pull factors, push factors What might people who migrate from other countries have to learn? new language and new customs

When people leave one place for another place to get a better job it is called migration Slums are described as poor, overcrowded urban neighborhoods