Focus ATHENS SPARTA Council of 500 oligarchy Delian League

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Presentation transcript:

Focus ATHENS SPARTA Council of 500 oligarchy Delian League On a sheet of paper make two columns and sort the characteristics ATHENS SPARTA Council of 500 oligarchy Delian League strong navy good farmland Council of Elders Five Ephors theatre & philosophy Draco & Solon two kings democracy helots

ANCIENT GREECE The Persian Wars

Background to the Persian Wars SIDES: Greeks versus Persians Persia was the greatest military power in the world How did they treat their conquered people? Fairly – accepted diversity What did they want in return? taxes and military service

The Persian Empire stretched from Asia Minor to Egypt to India.

Darius was the leader of the Persians He wanted more land and wealth so he conquered the Ionians who were Greeks living in Asia Minor In 499BC the Ionians rebelled and asked Athens and Sparta for help The answers? SPARTA– no, took too long to get there by land ATHENS– yes, could travel by boat Athens won How did Darius feel? He was furious with Athens and wanted to punish them!

BATTLE OF MARATHON (490BC) Sides: Persia versus Athens Darius decided to attack and landed at Marathon which is 26.2 miles from Athens Sparta did not help because they were having a religious festival.

What happened? The Athenians defeated the Persians (6,400 dead Persians to 200 Athenians!) Athenians sent a runner to Athens to announce victory - today a long-distance race is called a marathon. The Persians left and Athens began to build a strong navy because they feared the return of the Persians.

BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE (480BC—10 YEARS LATER) Sides: Greeks (with the Spartans!) versus Persians Xerxes was the leader of Persia; he invaded with a large navy and army Many Greek city-states surrender but not Athens and Sparta At the mountain pass at Thermopylae, 300 Spartans held off the Persian army but they were betrayed and killed.

BATTLE OF SALAMIS Persians versus Athens When the Persians got to Athens, the Athenians had fled and the Persians destroyed the city. There was a large naval battle and Athens won because their ships were more maneuverable. Xerxes went back to Persia and a year later the war was over.

RESULTS OF THE PERSIAN WARS Who won the Persian Wars? Greece mainly due to Athens Athens emerged as the major Greek city-state Athens had a Golden Age The Delian League was formed as a defense league against future invasions. It was led by Athens.

RESULTS OF THE PERSIAN WARS Problems with Athenian leadership of the Delian League. a. city-states were not allowed to leave it b. they had to pay money to Athens for protection Sparta forms an opposition league called the Peloponnesian League.