System Agronomist and Impact Assessment Specialist An assessment of the adoption and impact of improved rice varieties in smallholder rice production system in Côte d’Ivoire Sekou DOUMBIA System Agronomist and Impact Assessment Specialist

OUTLINE Introduction I - Methodology 1.1. Sampling Country brief Importance of rice in Côte d’Ivoire CNRA : the national agricultural research system I - Methodology 1.1. Sampling 1.2. Measuring rice field area with GPS

OUTLINE II - Results 2.1. Introduction process of improved varieties 2.2. Improved varieties adoption 2.3. Rice field area 2.4. Paddy rice yield 2.5. Socioeconomic impact of new varieties Conclusion

Introduction Country brief Area : 322 462 km² Capital city : Yamoussoukro Population : 20,8 millions inhabitants per capita GDP : F CFA 503 700 (US $ 1800) GDP growth rate in 2008: +2,3 % Inflation rate in 2008: +6,3 % (Source UEMOA: April 2009)

Introduction Importance of rice in Côte d’Ivoire Domestic production in 2007 : 700 000 tons of milled rice Domestic consumption in 2007 : 1.5 million of milled rice Almost half of domestic needs are imported

Introduction The national agricultural research system CNRA is the sole national agricultural research institution. It was established by decree as semi-autonomous private company with minority public shareholding in 1998. CNRA is responsible for the bulk of technological research related to agricultural sector: food crops (rice, maize, …) perennial crops (cocoa, coffee, …) livestock and fishery

Methodology Sampling Random sampling Sample size: 250 households (seed and rice surplus type marketing) Sub sample size: Field area measuring: 62 farms (including 313 individual rice plots) Yield measuring: 62 farms with three replications by farm Socioeconomic survey: 170 households

Methodology Measuring rice field area with GPSMAP 76S

Results Introduction of improved varieties

Results Geographical spread of improved varieties

NERICA rice Diffusion curve Results NERICA rice Diffusion curve 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 y = 487.4 (1 + 21.2 ℮-0.715x)-1

Results Improved varieties adoption Adoption rate in 2007 Varieties Number of plots Total area (ha) Mean Rate (%) Local varieties 199 19.32 0.097 Improved varieties 114 15.80 0.138 45 Total 313 35.12 0.112

Results Rice field area Distribution of rice area groups Rice area groups (ha) Frequency Percentage Cumulated percentage [0 - 0.25] 277 88.50 ]0.25 - 0.50] 30 9.58 98.08 More than 0.50 ha 6 1.92 100.00 Total 313

Results Rice field area Ten most cultivated varieties in the survey area (2007) Range Variety Frequency Total area (ha) Median Mean 1 Nerica1 43 10.764 0.239 0.250 2 Lokple 21 3.101 0.123 0.147 3 Azico 22 2.795 0.078 0.127 4 Nerica2 15 2.003 0.118 0.133 5 Dogore 23 1.877 0.058 0.081 6 NONNONNON 13 1.503 0.094 0.115 7 Digbeugbassou 10 1.171 0.072 0.117 8 Goklia 11 1.153 0.077 0.104 9 IDSA85 17 1.049 0.031 0.061 Kimisere 16 0.997 0.055 0.062

Results Paddy rice yield Paddy rice yield at 14 % moisture content (2007) Variety Number of farms Mean yield (ton/ha) Median STD Local variety 30 1.950 1.674 0.694 Improved variety 31 1.623 1.581 0.451 Total 61 1.784 0.602

Results Socioeconomic impact of improved varieties Seed and rice surplus type marketed in 2008 Rice type marketed Percentage of Adopters Percentage of Non-adopters Paddy rice 11.66 14.78 Milled rice 4.166 5.21 Seeds 75.83

Results Socioeconomic impact of improved varieties Rice growers income groups Income groups (US $) Adopters Non-adopters Freq Percent. (%) P. cumulated Freq. 0 to 22 26 21.67 104 90.43 23 to 111 54 45 66.67 11 9.57 100 112 to 222 30 25 91.67 223 to 444 9 7.50 99.17 More than 444 1 0.83 100.00 Total 120 115

Rice field landscape

Women working group

Manual weeding by women

Manual harvesting by women

Threshing

Drying paddy rice

Some local rice varieties

Conclusion Advantages of GPS use Socioeconomic difficulties Easy to use Good precision Socioeconomic difficulties Land pressure characterized by small rice field size Women can not inherit land Technical performance of rice cropping system Low input system Low yield that leads to low paddy production

Conclusion Seed production activities Some recommendations Market opportunities for women Seed market increases women income Narrow seed market Some recommendations Help women access to production inputs (equipments, fertilizers, herbicides, …) Emphasize participatory diffusion systems of improved varieties in rural area

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