Chemical Compounds in Cells Chapter 1: Section 3 Chemical Compounds in Cells

What are Elements and Compounds? Element – any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

What are Elements and Compounds? Compound– a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined

Molecules and Compounds Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water. Chemical Compounds in Cells Molecules and Compounds Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water.

three Molecules and Compounds Chemical Compounds in Cells Molecules and Compounds Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water. three Carbon & oxygen

Compounds not containing carbon are inorganic molecules Chemical Compounds in Cells Most compounds in living things contain the element carbon – these are ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Compounds not containing carbon are inorganic molecules

Chemical Compounds in Cells When we eat food, we take in large biological compounds found in food including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (such as fats(), and nucleic acids (such as DNA) a d use them to power our cells and build our bodies. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM

Cells are made up of: Carbohydrates – energy rich organic compound Lipids (fats) – has even more energy than carbohydrates Proteins – they make up a lot of the structure of cells, for example, the cell membrane and many of the organelles Nucleic Acids – large organic molecule that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all of life’s functions Water

What Compounds Do Cells Need? (teach ok) carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids water

What Compounds Do Cells Need? Carbohydrates: energy-rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (1st paragraph) Examples: sugars and starches (1st paragraph) Makes up cell wall and cell membrane (3rd paragraph)

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates: energy-rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (1st paragraph) Examples: sugars and starches (1st paragraph) Makes up cell wall and cell membrane (3rd paragraph) Stores energy - (write this)

Lipids Lipids: energy-rich compounds made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and some oxygen (1st paragraph) Makes up most of cell membrane (1st paragraph) Examples: fats, oils and waxes (2nd paragraph) Lipids contain more energy than carbohydrates (2nd paragraph)

Proteins Proteins: large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur (1st paragraph) Examples: meat, dairy products, fish, nuts and beans (1st paragraph) Many cell structures and functions depend on proteins (2nd paragraph) Enzymes: speed up chemical reactions in living things (2nd paragraph)

Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins Stores energy, makes up cell wall and cell membrane Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Mostly carbon and hydrogen, some oxygen Makes up most of cell membrane; stores energy from fats Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur Makes up many cell structures; enzymes speed up cell reactions

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids: long organic molecules made mostly of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen nitrogen and phosphorus (1st paragraph) Has instructions that cells need to carry out all functions of life(1st paragraph) DNA – a type of nucleic acid – the genetic material that carries information from parent to offspring

Do the Math – pg. 26 The graph compares the percentages of some compounds found in a bacterial cell and in an animal cell. What would be a good title for the graph?

Water and Living Things Mostly Water About two thirds of the human body is water. Complete the circle graph to show the percentage of water in your body.

Why is water so important?

Chemical reactions take place in water Substances need to dissolve in water for this to happen.

Water helps cells keep their shape Think of how the leaves of a plant wilt when the plant needs water. After adding water – the leaves perk up.

Water keeps the temperature of cells from changing rapidly Think about how the temperature of water changes slowly compared to the temperature of air.

Water carries substances into and out of cells Salt, sugar, etc.

Why is water so important? Teach - ok Chemical reactions take place in water. Helps cells keep their shape Helps keep temp of cells stable Moves substances in and out of cells

Why is water so important? Teach - ok Chemical reactions take place in water. Helps cells keep their shape Helps keep temp of cells stable Moves substances in and out of cells

You can go in now; one at a time please! How does water help stuff get into and out of cells? (we’ll talk about these in the next section) Diffusion – the main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane Osmosis Active Transport You can go in now; one at a time please!