Warm Up – February 13 Read the article on Engel v. Vitale that is on my website under today’s date and answer the following questions: 1. Who was Steven Engel? 2. What issue did parents have with how students started each day at school? What did the parents argue? What was the defense’s argument? 3. What is the establishment clause? 4. How did the New York State Supreme Court rule on the case? How did the New York Court of Appeals rule? 5. What was the ruling of the Supreme Court?

Unit 2: Structure of Federalism The Bill of Rights and Essential US Supreme Court Cases

1st Amendment What does it mean to censor something? Censorship – government cannot ban printed materials or films merely because they contain alarming or offensive ideas (Freedom of the Press) Define the terms slander and libel Slander – Spreading spoken lies Libel – Written lies

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) The Spectrum, the school-sponsored newspaper of Hazelwood East High School, was written and edited by students. In May 1983, Robert E. Reynolds, the school principal, received the pages proofs for the May 13 issue. Reynolds found two of the articles in the issue to be inappropriate, and ordered that the pages on which the articles appeared be withheld from publication. Cathy Kuhlmeier and two other former Hazelwood East students brought the case to court. Did the principal's deletion of the articles violate the students' rights under the First Amendment?

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) Precedent: In a 5-to-3 decision, the Court held that the First Amendment did not require schools to affirmatively promote particular types of student speech. Schools must be able to set high standards for student speech disseminated under their auspices, and that schools retained the right to refuse to sponsor speech that was "inconsistent with 'the shared values of a civilized social order.'

Texas v. Johnson Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag outside of the convention center where the 1984 Republican National Convention was being held in Dallas, Texas. Johnson burned the flag to protest the policies of President Ronald Reagan. He was arrested and charged with violating a Texas statute that prevented the desecration of a venerated object, including the American flag, if such action were likely to incite anger in others. A Texas court tried and convicted Johnson. He appealed, arguing that his actions were "symbolic speech" protected by the First Amendment. The Supreme Court agreed to hear his case. Whether flag burning constitutes "symbolic speech" protected by the First Amendment.

Texas v. Johnson Precedent: The majority of the Court, according to Justice William Brennan, agreed with Johnson and held that flag burning constitutes a form of "symbolic speech" that is protected by the First Amendment. The majority noted that freedom of speech protects actions that society may find very offensive, but society's outrage alone is not justification for suppressing free speech.

4th Amendment What is due process? Due Process - following established legal procedures Eminent Domain - the right of a government or its agent to expropriate private property for public use, with payment of compensation.

TOD – February 13 Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up: Describe the precedent set by each of the following Supreme Court Cases: Engel v. Vitale Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Texas v. Johnson Miranda v. Arizona Gideon v. Wainwright Escobedo v. Illinois