Warm-up (9/25) 1) Get a notesheet from side table 2)Get sheet of notebook paper and write 2-3 sentences telling me about the time you were the most scared in your life (this is your exit slip don’t lose it!) 3)fun fact: take your height in inches and divide by 8…this is how tall your head is…

Triangular Trade & The Middle Passage

But first, let’s Review…

Triangular Trade:Mercantilism in action… Raw goods (sugar, tobacco, and cotton) Finished Goods (Cloth, guns, Iron products) Original map retrieved from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlantic_Ocean_location_map.svg Slaves

The Middle Passage… Name comes from fact it was the 2nd leg of a three part journey or the “middle” journey. Passage means travel by ship. Slaves were kept in unimaginable conditions. Subjected to the worst of cruelties.

Atlantic Slave Trade 1525-1866: 12.5 million Africans shipped to the New World Approximately 10.7 million survived 388,000 taken to colonies in present-day United States Portuguese, British, French, Spanish, and Dutch were main Atlantic slave traders

Where did the slaves come from Brought from interior of continent to Western Coast through kidnapping Rival African tribes, Warlords, and private kidnappers stole them and sold them to Europeans for goods.

Conditions: Each man given 6 foot by 1 ½ foot space. Chained together. Kept in this position 20 hours or more a day for over 2 months. Fed twice a day. Given 8oz of water and a handful of food. Shared 1 bucket per compartment as a toilet. Disease and death were common. Hot, cramped, and miserable…

Slave Rebellion Typical boat on the middle passage would have about 500 slaves and 30 crew members. Roughly 10% of voyages experienced a rebellion onboard. These uprisings were hardly ever successful.

Crew members Often “pressed” into service, or made to go against their will Died at about a 20% mortality rate Faced severe discipline from captains, slave uprisings, and unpleasant conditions.

Middle Passage’s Effect on History: Examples of abuse during the middle passage give strength to the early abolition movement in the Northern Colonies. Forced migration of 12.5 million Africans change racial make-up of Caribbean, South America, and North America forever. Pennsylvania: 1780 Massachusetts and New Hampshire: 1783 Connecticut and Rhode Island: 1784 New York: 1799 New Jersey: 1804 1808: America makes the importing and exporting of slaves a felony!

Primary & Secondary Documents Primary Documents- Provide direct or firsthand evidence about an event, object, person, or work of art. Secondary Documents- Are ones that are created later by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events.

Central Historical Question How did people experience the Middle Passage?