Inhibition of mitochondrial remodeling by cyclosporine A preserves myocardial performance in a neonatal rabbit model of cardioplegic arrest Norihiko.

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Inhibition of mitochondrial remodeling by cyclosporine A preserves myocardial performance in a neonatal rabbit model of cardioplegic arrest Norihiko Oka, MD, Lixing Wang, MD, PhD, Wenyu Mi, MD, Christopher A. Caldarone, MD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 135, Issue 3, Pages 585-593 (March 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.09.023 Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 A, Representative Western blot of mitochondrial Bax in non-CCP, CCP, and CCP+CsA myocardium. B, Densitometric measurements of Bax in non-CCP, CCP, and CCP+CsA hearts. Increased concentrations of Bax (homodimer) in the mitochondrial fractions normalized by porin content are indicative of translocation of Bax to the mitochondria. ∗P < .01 versus non-CCP; †P < .05 versus CCP. CCP, Crystalloid cardioplegia; CsA, cyclosporine A; MW, molecular weight; AU, arbitrary units. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2008 135, 585-593DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.09.023) Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 A, Immunofluorescence of cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX IV) and cytochrome c in the myocardium from non-CCP, CCP, and CCP+CsA myocardium. In each panel, COX IV (mitochondria) is stained red, cytochrome c is stained green, and the merged mages are shown. Superimposition of red and green staining results in a brownish color that suggests retention of cytochrome c in the non-CCP and CCP+CsA mitochondria. A fine diffuse green staining can be seen in the merged images of CCP myocardium, suggesting mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. Scatterplots display the distribution of red and green voxels in the merge images of non-CCP, CCP, and CCP+CsA, as well as the various degrees of colocalization as shown in orange and yellow. B, Quantification of the overlap coefficient (Kx-green) in the merge images for non-CCP, CCP, and CCP+CsA groups is shown. ∗P < .01 versus non-CCP; #P < .01 versus CCP. For abbreviations, see Figure 1. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2008 135, 585-593DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.09.023) Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Representative imaging of TUNEL staining. A, TUNEL-positive nuclei (green), which are indicated by white arrows. B, Nuclei 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole staining (blue). C, A merged picture of A and B. D, Quantitative analysis of TUNEL staining for non-CCP, CCP, and CCP+CsA myocardium. ∗P < .01 versus non-CPB; †P < .05 versus CCP. For abbreviations, see Figure 1. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2008 135, 585-593DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.09.023) Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 A, The representative traces of real-time mitochondrial oxygen consumption including complexes I, II, and IV from non-CCP, CCP, and CCP+CsA myocardium. B, Comparison of the activity of state 3 and the ratio of state 3 to state 2 of complexes I, II, and IV among the groups. ∗P < .01 versus non-CCP; #P < .01 versus CCP. ADP, Adenosine diphosphate. For other abbreviations, see Figure 1. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2008 135, 585-593DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.09.023) Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 A, The representative traces of condensed real-time blood pressure (systolic and diastolic pressure) and first derivatives of left ventricular pressure (±dP/dt) from non-CCP, CCP, and CCP+CsA groups. B, The changes of systolic pressure, maximum ±dP/dt, and the diastolic pressure at 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes of reperfusion. ∗P < .01 versus non-CCP; #P < .01 versus CCP. For abbreviations, see Figure 1. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2008 135, 585-593DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.09.023) Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions