Data mapping for Broadband Service Extension in the IEEE 802.22b Month Year doc.: IEEE 802.22-yy/xxxxr0 Sept. 2012 Data mapping for Broadband Service Extension in the IEEE 802.22b IEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs Date: 2012-09-19 Authors: Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22. Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Apurva Mody <apurva.mody@ieee.org> as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at patcom@iee.org. S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ. John Doe, Some Company

Month Year doc.: IEEE 802.22-yy/xxxxr0 Sept. 2012 Abstract This contribution discusses potential data mapping schemes to explore higher data rate options in the IEEE 802.22b, mainly for broadband service extension. A couple of multi-dimesional trellis coded modulation schemes are introduced. Also, error rate performance of these schemes are evaluated. S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ. John Doe, Some Company

Use Cases Considering in 802.22b Sept. 2012 Use Cases Considering in 802.22b Table 1 Use Cases Considering in 802.22b (source: doc. IEEE 802.22-12/0025r4) S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

Conventional FEC and modulation Sept. 2012 Conventional FEC and modulation （通常の Figure Typical block diagram of OFDM system S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

Simulation Parameters Sept. 2012 Simulation Parameters Prameters Specification Center frequency 207 [MHz] Bandwidth 6 [MHz] 1st modulation 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM Convolution code [133 171]8 Code rate 1/2 2/3 3/4 5/6 7/8 Decode Soft-decision Viterbi decoding 2nd modulation OFDM FFT point 2048 (data：1440, pilot:240） Guard interval 1/8 channel AWGN S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

BER Performance for 16-QAM Sept. 2012 BER Performance for 16-QAM BER = 2×10-4 Code rate Required Eb/N0 (dB) 1/2 6.7 2/3 8.8 3/4 10.0 5/6 11.1 7/8 12.6 S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

BER Performance for 64-QAM Sept. 2012 BER Performance for 64-QAM BER = 2×10-4 Code rate Required Eb/N0 (dB) 1/2 11.2 2/3 13.0 3/4 14.0 5/6 15.7 7/8 16.7 S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

BER Performance for 256-QAM Sept. 2012 BER Performance for 256-QAM BER = 2×10-4 Code rate Required Eb/N0 (dB) 1/2 15.8 2/3 17.8 3/4 18.7 5/6 20.3 7/8 21.5 S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

Data Rate and BER Performance (CP=FFT/16) Sept. 2012 Data Rate and BER Performance (CP=FFT/16) Modulation Code rate Eb/N0 (dB) (2×10-4 BER) Data rate (Mbps) 16-QAM 1/2 6.7 9.08 2/3 8.8 12.10 3/4 10.0 13.61 5/6 11.1 15.13 7/8 12.6 15.89 64-QAM 11.2 13.0 18.15 14.0 20.42 15.7 22.69 16.7 23.82 256-QAM 15.8 17.8 24.20 18.7 27.22 20.3 30.25 21.5 31.76 S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

Multidimensional Coded Modulation Sept. 2012 Multidimensional Coded Modulation Coded modulation A modulation scheme which allows highly efficient transmission of information over band-limited channels Trellis coded modulation (TCM) [3] Block interleaved coded modulation etc. In this contribution, we evaluated the BER performance on multidimensional trellis coded modulation (MD-TCM). MD-TCM based on Ref. [4] MD-TCM according to ITU-T Recommendation V. 34 [5][6] S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

System Block Diagram Sept. 2012 S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

MD-TCM based on Wei code [4] Sept. 2012 MD-TCM based on Wei code [4] 4-D 2 2-D symbols Data mapping/coding contains Coset selection Region pair selection Symbol code A B C D Fig. 2-D constellation of 4D-TCM 192QAM S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

Structure of MD-TCM (4D-TCM192QAM) Sept. 2012 Structure of MD-TCM (4D-TCM192QAM) Accommodate 14 information bits in 4-D symbol (2x2-D symbols) = 7bits/symbol S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

MD-TCM based on ITU-T Rec. V.34 Sept. 2012 MD-TCM based on ITU-T Rec. V.34 More sophisticated data mapping scheme used in the modem for PSTN. All signal constellations are subsets of a 1664-point superconstellation. A quarter of the points of superconstellation is shown in the figure. In this contribution, we use 896-point superconstellation 224-point 2-D constellation x 4 symbols 9bits/symbol Please see Ref. [5] and [6] for more information. Fig. A quarter of the points of superconstellation in ITU-T Rec. V.34 S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

Structure of MD-TCM (based on ITU-T Rec. V.34) Month Year doc.: IEEE 802.22-yy/xxxxr0 Sept. 2012 Structure of MD-TCM (based on ITU-T Rec. V.34) Q=4 in this simulation Original V.34 (3000 symbol/s) Superframe (280ms) – 7 data frames(40ms) -- 15 mapping frames – [[4 4-D symbol intervals – 2 2-D symbols]] -> one mapping frame consists of 8 2-D symbols # of total The total number of primary and auxiliary channel data bits transmitted in a data frame is denoted by: N = R · 0.28/J (J=7 in the case of 3000sps) where R is the sum of the primary channel data signalling rate and the auxiliary channel data signalling rate. The total number of (primary and auxiliary channel) data bits transmitted in a mapping frame shall vary between b – 1 ("low frame") and b ("high frame") bits according to a periodic switching pattern SWP, of period P, such that the average number of data bits per mapping frame is N/P. (P=15 in the case of 3000sps) The value of b is defined as the smallest integer not less than N/P. The number of high frames in a period is the remainder: r = N – (b – 1)P (8-2) where: 1≤r≤P SWP is represented by 12- to 16-bit binary numbers where 0 and 1 represent low and high frames, respectively The auxiliary channel bits shall be time-division multiplexed with the scrambled primary channel bits. The number of auxiliary channel bits transmitted per data frame is W = 8 at symbol rates 3000 Signal Constellation Signal constellations consist of complex-valued signal points which lie on a two-dimensional rectangular grid. All signal constellations used in this Recommendation are subsets of a 1664-point superconstellation. one-quarter of the points in the superconstellation. These points are labelled with decimal integers between 0 and 415. The full superconstellation is the union of the four quarter-constellations obtained by rotating the constellation in Figure 5 by 0, 90, 180 and 270 degrees. A signal constellation with L points consists of the L/4 points from the quarter-constellation in Figure 5 with labels 0 through L/4 – 1, and the 3L/4 points which are obtained by 90, 180 and 270 degree rotations of these signal points. 9.2 Mapping parameters The number of bits put into the shell mapper per mapping frame is denoted by K where 0 ≤ K < 32. The values of K are given in Table 10. K can also be determined from b as follows: K = 0 if b ≤ 12; = b – 12 – 8q if b > 12 where q is the smallest non-negative integer such that K < 32 (q = 0 when K = 0). The 2D signal constellation is partitioned into M concentric rings of equal size. For each data rate and symbol rate, two possible values of M are allowed: a "minimum" value which minimizes the number of points in the 2D signal constellation, and a larger value which allows the achievement of shaping gain. M is selected during Phase 4 of the start-up procedures as described in 11.4 or 12.4. The values of M are given in Table 10. These values can also be calculated from K as follows: the minimum value of M is the smallest integer no less than 2K/8 and the larger value of M is the nearest integer to 1.25 · 2K/8 (not less than the minimum value of M). Table 10 gives the number of signal points L in the 2D signal constellation. L can also be calculated according to: L = 4M · 2q S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ. John Doe, Some Company

Data Rate Comparison (CP=TFFT/16) Sept. 2012 Data Rate Comparison (CP=TFFT/16) Modulation / coding Data rate [Mbps] 64 QAM w/ (5/6)-rate coding 22.69 256 QAM w/ (7/8)-rate coding 31.76 512 QAM w/ (7/8)-rate coding 35.72 4D-TCM 192QAM 8D-TCM 224QAM (based on V.34) 40.83 S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

Common Simulation Parameters Sept. 2012 Common Simulation Parameters Prameters Specification Center frequency 207 [MHz] Bandwidth 6 [MHz] Data mapping 256QAM, 512QAM, 4D-TCM192QAM, MD-TCM based on V.34 Convolution code K=7, [133 171]8 Decoding Soft-decision Viterbi decoding Modulation OFDM FFT size 2048 (data：1440, pilot:240） Guard interval 1/8 channel AWGN S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

Simulation Results (AWGN channel) Sept. 2012 Simulation Results (AWGN channel) S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

Sept. 2012 Conclusions Conventional QAM with FEC and MD-TCM are discussed for data mapping to achieve higher data rate options, mainly covering broadband service extension. MD-TCM provides higher spectral efficiency comparing with the case of using higher order modulation such as 256QAM. Better BER performance can be achieved by MD-TCM comparing with conventional QAM with FEC in AWGN channel. S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ.

Month Year doc.: IEEE 802.22-yy/xxxxr0 Sept. 2012 References IEEE 802.22-2011, July 2011 IEEE 802.15-11-0684-09-004m: TG4m Technical Guidance Document, Mar. 2012 G. Ungerboeck, Channel coding with multilevel/phase signals, IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 55-67, Jan. 1982 L. F. Wei, “Trellis-coded modulation with multidimensional constellations,” IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 483-531, 1987 ITU-T Recommendation V.34, “A modem operating at data signalling rates of up to 33 600 bit/s for use on the general switched telephone network and on leased point-to-point 2-wire telephone-type circuits,” Feb. 1998 G. D. Forney, Jr., et al., The V.34 High-Speed Modem Standard, IEEE Commun. Mag. pp. 28-33, Dec. 1996 S. Sasaki, B. Zhao, and H. Niwano, Niigata Univ. John Doe, Some Company