Probability and Statistics

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Probability and Statistics Data Classification Probability and Statistics

Types of Data Qualitative Data Quantitative Data Consist of attributes, labels, or non numerical entries Quantitative Data Consist of numerical measurements or counts City Population Cleveland, OH 452,208 Detroit, MI 886,671 Houston, TX 2,016,582 Las Vegas, NV 545,147 Portland, OR 533,427 Topeka, KS 121,946

Model Base Price Fusion 14S $17,795 F-150 XL $18,710 Taurus $23,785 Escape Sport $24,575 Focus $22,830 Fiesta $18,200 Edge $28,389

Levels of Measurement Nominal Level of Measurement (qual) Data at this level are categorized using names, labels, or qualities. No math involved!!! Ordinal Level of Measurement (qual. or quan.) Data at this level can be arranged in order, or ranked, yet differences are not meaningful.

Network Affiliates in Pittsburgh Top Five TV Programs 1. American Idol – Tuesday 2. American Idol – Wednesday 3. Grey’s Anatomy 4. House 5. CSI Network Affiliates in Pittsburgh WTAE (ABC) WPXI (NBC) KDKA (CBS) WPGH (FOX)

Division 1 Schools in Michigan Forbes Top Five U.S. Cities for Jobs 1. Raleigh-Carry, NC 2. Phoenix, AZ 3. Jacksonville, FL 4. Orlando, FL 5. Washington DC Division 1 Schools in Michigan University of Michigan Michigan State University Eastern Michigan University Central Michigan University Western Michigan University

Interval Level of Measurement Can be ordered, and you can calculate meaningful differences between data entries. No inherent zero Ratio Level of Measurement Same as Interval, except with an inherent zero and a ratio of two data values can be formed (one data value can be expressed as a multiple of another) Inherent zero – a zero that implies “none” $0 0° C

World Series Victories New York Yankees’ World Series Victories 1923, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1977, 1978, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2009

Home Run Totals (by Team) 2006 American League Home Run Totals (by Team) Baltimore 164 Boston 192 Chicago 236 Cleveland 196 Detroit 203 Kansas City 124

Temperatures January 46.3 February 51.2 March 54.3 April 58.9 May 65.4 June 71.8

Quick way of remembering Data Level Examples Definition Nominal Gender, Race, Political Party Categorical data that cannot be ranked Ordinal Football Rankings Data that can be ranked Interval Temperature, Dates Data that has no inherent zero Ratio Height, Weight, Age, Length Data that has an inherent zero No Ordering Italian Rigatoni

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