Chapter 26 – World War II Section Notes Video Maps Quick Facts Images The War Begins The Home Front War in Europe and North Africa War in the Pacific Victory and Consequences The Impact of the GI Bill Maps World War II in Europe, 1939-1941 Pearl Harbor, 1941 World War II in Europe, 1942-1945 War in the Pacific, 1941-1945 Quick Facts Major Leaders of the War in Europe Causes and Effects of World War II Chapter 26 Visual Summary Images The Third Reich Primary Source: Supporting the War Struggles at Home Code Talkers Iwo Jima

The Home Front The Big Idea American involvement in World War II helped the U.S. economy and changed the lives of many Americans. Main Ideas Businesses, soldiers, and citizens worked to prepare the United States for war. The war brought new opportunities for many women and minorities. Japanese Americans faced internment during the war.

Main Idea 1: Businesses, soldiers, and citizens worked to prepare for war. Factories ran 24 hours a day. Agricultural production increased. Effort of mobilizing for war brought end to the Great Depression Businesses

Main Idea 1: Businesses, soldiers, and citizens worked to prepare for war. Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 was nation’s first peacetime draft. Ages 21-35 then changed to 18-35 More than 16 million Americans served during war.

Main Idea 1: Businesses, soldiers, and citizens worked to prepare for war. War Production Board created by government to oversee conversion of factories to war production Increased taxes Sold war bonds (Get your money back in 10 years) Government

Main Idea 1: Businesses, soldiers, and citizens worked to prepare for war. Civilians Collected scrap metal to be used in war factories Learned to use less in order to supply overseas troops Ration (gas, rubber, shoes, food)

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Main Idea 2: The war brought new opportunities for many women and minorities. Women in Workforce New opportunities when war broke out Because so many men were sent to war, the government urged women to fill their places in the workplace. Women worked in factories at jobs traditionally held only by men.

Main Idea 2: The war brought new opportunities for many women and minorities. Women in Military About 300,000 women served in the armed forces in non-combat positions. Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps Women’s Airforce Service Pilots flew test flights Army and navy nurses served in combat areas.

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African Americans in World War II Civilians African Americans received lower pay and restricted jobs African American labor leader A. Philip Randolph fought for fair treatment of African Americans in workplace. Roosevelt issued an order prohibiting racial discrimination in the government and companies producing war goods

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African Americans in World War II Military About 1 million African Americans served in World War II, mostly in segregated units. Navy denied the right to participate in combat. Dorie Miller- cook manned a machine gun on West Virginia during Pearl Harbor.

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African Americans in World War II Military The Tuskegee Airmen were African American pilots. Led by Benjamin O. Davis, who later became the first African American general in the U.S. Air Force Flew thousands of successful combat missions in North Africa and Italy.

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Mexican Americans in World War II About 300,000 served in the military Many found wartime jobs on West Coast and in Midwest. Government brought in farm workers from Mexico, called braceros. To make up for shortage of farm workers About 200,000 Mexicans worked in this program.

Mexican Americans in World War II Mexican American youth culture grew. Blended different music styles and clothing styles Some wore zoot suits– fancy, loose-fitting outfits with oversized hats. Many faced discrimination. June 1943– in Los Angeles zoot-suit riots, sailors attacked Mexican Americans wearing zoot suits.

Main Idea 3: Japanese Americans faced internment during the war. After Pearl Harbor, some Americans began to look at Japanese Americans with fear and suspicion. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066. Allowed government to begin process of internment, or forced relocation and imprisonment, of Japanese Americans 115,000 Japanese Americans evacuated from homes and held in isolated internment camps. They lost their jobs, homes, and belongings Half of those in camp were Children

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Main Idea 3: Japanese Americans faced internment during the war. Government initially banned Japanese Americans from serving in military. Policy reversed in 1943. 33,000 U.S.-born citizens of Japanese descent, or Nisei, served in World War II. 100th/442nd Regiment received more decorations then any other unit.

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