Valvular osteoclasts in calcification and aortic valve stenosis severity Edit Nagy, Per Eriksson, Mohamed Yousry, Kenneth Caidahl, Erik Ingelsson, Göran.

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Valvular osteoclasts in calcification and aortic valve stenosis severity Edit Nagy, Per Eriksson, Mohamed Yousry, Kenneth Caidahl, Erik Ingelsson, Göran K. Hansson, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Magnus Bäck International Journal of Cardiology Volume 168, Issue 3, Pages 2264-2271 (October 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.207 Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 A: Overview of calcified part of aortic valve demonstrating 1: cartilaginous nodule in close vicinity to atheromatous plaque containing dystrophic calcification, indicated as an *; 2: mature lamellar bone with active osteoclastic resorption, original magnification 20×. B: osteoclast sitting in a Howship's lacuna/resorption space within a calcified part of aortic valve. Hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification 40×; C: light microscopy of TRAP activity staining identifies an area with strong TRAP activity in close vicinity to calcification, original magnification 10×. D: immunofluorescent staining for TRAP counterstained with DAPI demonstrates multinucleated cells, as arrows indicate. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 2264-2271DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.207) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Relative gene expression data (normalized for the normal area obtained from the stenotic aortic valve cusp) for OPN, RANKL, BMP-2, Runx2/Cbfa1, BMP-6, and for OPG.*P<0.05 considered statistically significant. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 2264-2271DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.207) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Relative gene expression data (normalized for the normal area obtained from the stenotic aortic valve cusp) for RANK, TRAP and for the ratios of RANKL/OPG and RANKL/RANK.*P<0.05 considered statistically significant. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 2264-2271DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.207) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Results of correlations analysis between genes of bone homeostasis in different parts of aortic valve tissue. A scale bar indicates color-coded correlations coefficients. Ns indicates non significant results. International Journal of Cardiology 2013 168, 2264-2271DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.207) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions