Trace elements.

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Presentation transcript:

Trace elements

Substitutions and partition coefficients Normalization and spidergrams

Selective affinities Fe2+ Mg2+ Ni2+ Au3+ Ag3+ Compatible (right size & charge) Fe2+ Mg2+ Incompatible (size/charge does not match)

Rb follows K & conc. in Ksp, mica, & late melt Ni follows Mg & conc in olivine

Partition coefficient Kd = Cs/Cl Compatible, incompatible (relative to a mineral) Bulk repartition coefficient D = S Kdi Xi

Which are incompatible? Why? Compatibility depends on minerals and melts involved. Which are incompatible? Why? Not exact, since D varies with the composition of mins & melt

How will the residual liquid evolve? Calculate DYb for… A lherzolite (80% Ol, 10% Opx, 10%Cpx) A Grt-bearing Lherzolite (70% Ol, 10% Opx-Cpx-Gt) Calculate DSr for… A Cpx-Plag cumulate (50/50) A Cpx-Opx cumulate (50/50) How will the residual liquid evolve?

Fingerprinting specific minerals: Ni strongly fractionated  olivine > pyroxene Cr and Sc  pyroxenes » olivine Ni/Cr or Ni/Sc can distinguish the effects of olivine and augite in a partial melt or a suite of rocks produced by fractional crystallization In all of the above cases using ratios, the idea is to find a mineral with a unique pair of elements for which it alone has a relatively high value of D for one element and a relatively low value of D for the other. The ratio of these elements is then sensitive only to liquid/crystal fractionation associated with that particular mineral

Concentration of REE in a sample

Chondrites

Contrasted REE patterns Granites Basalts

Multi-elements diagrams Normalized to the PRImitive Mantle (close to chondrites) (Wood version)

Various normalizations: To MORB (Mid-Oceanic Ridge Basalts – the most common type of basalt!) Meaningful for basalts and co.

Various normalizations: To the average continental crust. Meaningful for granites, sediments, etc.

A famous “anomaly”: Eu Granites from the Cape Granite Suite Darling-Vredenburg area

Kd’s for plagioclase REEs are normally 3+ (La3+, etc.) Eu can be Eu3+ or Eu2+ Eu2+ strongly compatible Reducing (Eu2+) Oxydizing (Eu3+)